證券時報記者 鄧雄鷹

　　隨著(zhu)車(che)險進入轉型深耕期，非車(che)險持續(xu)成為保險公(gong)司(si)爭奪的重要戰場。

　　近(jin)期，上市險(xian)(xian)企公布的年報數據顯示，財險(xian)(xian)公司車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)保費(fei)下降(jiang)(jiang)和非車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)業務增(zeng)長并(bing)存，且車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)占比持續下降(jiang)(jiang)的趨勢明顯。實際上，從(cong)(cong)財險(xian)(xian)行業的整體(ti)表現來看(kan)，去年12月底(di)，車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)原保險(xian)(xian)保費(fei)收(shou)入占比已經從(cong)(cong)2020年底(di)的60.7%降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)56.8%。

　　車險占比下降

　　但仍是主要(yao)利(li)潤來源(yuan)

　　以原保(bao)險(xian)(xian)保(bao)費收入來衡量，人保(bao)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)、平安(an)產險(xian)(xian)、太保(bao)產險(xian)(xian)是中國前三大財(cai)(cai)產保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)，被業(ye)內(nei)并(bing)稱為“財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)老三家”，其業(ye)務調整往(wang)往(wang)是行業(ye)調整的風向標。

　　從(cong)(cong)保(bao)費(fei)收入增(zeng)速看(kan)，人保(bao)財險和太保(bao)產險分(fen)別實現(xian)3.8%、3.3%的(de)同比增(zeng)長(chang)，平(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)產險保(bao)費(fei)收入同比下(xia)降；從(cong)(cong)承保(bao)業務(wu)表(biao)現(xian)來(lai)看(kan)，三家公司(si)的(de)綜合成本率均(jun)維持在100%以下(xia)，其中平(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)產險綜合成本率表(biao)現(xian)最優；從(cong)(cong)凈(jing)利潤(run)來(lai)看(kan)，人保(bao)財險和太保(bao)產險凈(jing)利潤(run)分(fen)別增(zeng)長(chang)8.4%、21.9%，而(er)平(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)產險由(you)于保(bao)費(fei)規模負增(zeng)長(chang)，凈(jing)利潤(run)僅(jin)同比增(zeng)長(chang)0.2%。

　　另外，上述三家財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司去年(nian)的(de)(de)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)均同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)。數據顯(xian)示，人保(bao)(bao)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)2021年(nian)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)3.9%，占比(bi)(bi)從61.49%降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)56.9%，同(tong)(tong)時非車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長16.1%，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)提(ti)高4.6個百分(fen)點；太(tai)保(bao)(bao)產險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)4.0%，占比(bi)(bi)從64.8%降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)60.1%，非車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長16.9%，占比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)至(zhi)39.9%；平安(an)產險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)3.7%，但(dan)由于(yu)大(da)幅壓(ya)縮保(bao)(bao)證保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)193億(yi)元，車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)占比(bi)(bi)反而從68.6%微增(zeng)至(zhi)69.9%，但(dan)這一比(bi)(bi)例仍低于(yu)2019年(nian)的(de)(de)71.7%。

　　實(shi)際上，從財險(xian)行(xing)業整體(ti)表現(xian)來看，去年12月(yue)底，車險(xian)保費(fei)占(zhan)比已經(jing)從2020年底的(de)60.7%降至(zhi)56.8%。

　　雖(sui)然非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務的重(zhong)要性凸(tu)顯，但(dan)盈(ying)利(li)并(bing)不容易，車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)仍然是主要利(li)潤(run)(run)來源。從承(cheng)保端經營(ying)表現來看，人保財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)實(shi)現承(cheng)保利(li)潤(run)(run)18.1億(yi)(yi)元，其(qi)中(zhong)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)承(cheng)保利(li)潤(run)(run)66.72億(yi)(yi)元，非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)除(chu)了信(xin)用保證(zheng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)貨(huo)運險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，其(qi)余非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種均出現承(cheng)保虧損；太保產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凈利(li)潤(run)(run)為10.77億(yi)(yi)元，而非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凈利(li)潤(run)(run)僅1.99億(yi)(yi)元；平安產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)實(shi)現車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)承(cheng)保利(li)潤(run)(run)20.47億(yi)(yi)元，非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)保證(zheng)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)潤(run)(run)達到28.1億(yi)(yi)元，但(dan)去年(nian)這一(yi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種虧損31.25億(yi)(yi)元，尚未能像車(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成為持(chi)續穩定的第一(yi)利(li)潤(run)(run)來源。

　　非車險快速增長

　　助財險業持續回暖(nuan)

　　具體到(dao)非車險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)布局，“財險(xian)(xian)(xian)老三家(jia)”均實(shi)現了(le)責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)和意健(jian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的快(kuai)速增(zeng)長，其中意健(jian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)增(zeng)長最(zui)快(kuai)。相較于(yu)平安產險(xian)(xian)(xian)，農險(xian)(xian)(xian)是人保(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)和太保(bao)(bao)(bao)產險(xian)(xian)(xian)的優勢險(xian)(xian)(xian)種；保(bao)(bao)(bao)證保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)近年(nian)發(fa)展可謂(wei)波折，平安產險(xian)(xian)(xian)的這一險(xian)(xian)(xian)種去年(nian)原保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)大(da)幅下降(jiang)51.6%，但保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)仍達180.98億元。

　　人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)非(fei)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種中(zhong)，前三(san)大險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種分別為(wei)意(yi)外傷(shang)害及健(jian)康(kang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、農險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、責任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，三(san)大險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種均承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)虧損。人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)意(yi)外傷(shang)害及健(jian)康(kang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業務去(qu)年實現原保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費收入806.92億元，同比(bi)增長(chang)21.9%，綜合成本率(lv)為(wei)102.6%，同比(bi)上升1.3個(ge)百分點。2021年，人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)拓展大病保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)新項目(mu)的(de)同時，進一步發展新型政策性健(jian)康(kang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業務，實現了業務穩(wen)步增長(chang)；同時，在(zai)(zai)商業意(yi)外健(jian)康(kang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方面，人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不斷(duan)提升家庭自用車客(ke)戶滲(shen)透(tou)率(lv)，深挖客(ke)戶需求，駕(jia)意(yi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、惠民(min)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、百萬醫療(liao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等個(ge)人業務獲得快速發展。

　　農(nong)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)人保(bao)(bao)(bao)財(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的重要險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)之(zhi)一。去年，該公(gong)司(si)農(nong)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業務實(shi)現原保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費收入(ru)426.54億(yi)元，同比(bi)增長(chang)19.3%。責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方面，人保(bao)(bao)(bao)財(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)2021年實(shi)現原保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費收入(ru)331.32億(yi)元，同比(bi)增長(chang)16.4%，但是(shi)賠付(fu)率(lv)和費用率(lv)分(fen)別同比(bi)上(shang)升5.7%、4.3%，綜合成本率(lv)為107.3%。2021年，人保(bao)(bao)(bao)財(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)搶抓(zhua)《安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產法》出臺機遇(yu)，安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、公(gong)眾安(an)全(quan)責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等業務均實(shi)現較大規(gui)模(mo)增長(chang)。因賠付(fu)標準上(shang)漲，人傷險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)賠付(fu)成本有(you)所抬高，導致責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠付(fu)率(lv)明顯(xian)上(shang)升。

　　平(ping)安產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)2021年前(qian)三大非車險(xian)(xian)(xian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)即責(ze)任(ren)(ren)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、保(bao)證(zheng)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)意外傷害險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)費分別(bie)變動29.8%、-51.6%和(he)20.2%，綜合成本率分別(bie)為105.1%、91.2%和(he)93.8%。平(ping)安產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)在年報中解釋，受全國(guo)城鄉人身損(sun)害賠償標準逐步統一的(de)影響，責(ze)任(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場整體(ti)虧損(sun)。未來，平(ping)安產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)將運用(yong)科技能力持續優化業(ye)務流程、完(wan)善風控體(ti)系、加強業(ye)務篩選，實現責(ze)任(ren)(ren)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務健(jian)康發展。

　　相較(jiao)責任保(bao)(bao)險，平(ping)安產險保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)保(bao)(bao)險業(ye)務承保(bao)(bao)則(ze)扭虧為盈，該險種2021年綜(zong)合成(cheng)本(ben)率(lv)為91.2%，同比下(xia)降19.8個百分點。平(ping)安產險表示(shi)，未來(lai)將繼(ji)續秉持“依法合規(gui)、小額分散、風(feng)險可控(kong)(kong)”的經(jing)營(ying)原則(ze)，提(ti)升風(feng)險管控(kong)(kong)能(neng)力，穩(wen)(wen)健經(jing)營(ying)，實現保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)保(bao)(bao)險業(ye)務經(jing)營(ying)業(ye)績平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)發展。

　　太(tai)保(bao)(bao)產(chan)險主(zhu)要險種(zhong)中，健康險、責任險、農業(ye)險等業(ye)務保(bao)(bao)持(chi)較快增(zeng)長(chang)勢頭，三大險種(zhong)保(bao)(bao)費同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)37.3%、24.6%和19.8%，綜合(he)成本率分(fen)別(bie)為101.9%、98.5%和99.6%。2021年，太(tai)保(bao)(bao)產(chan)險全年實現(xian)非(fei)車險業(ye)務保(bao)(bao)費收入608.44億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)16.9%；綜合(he)成本率為99.5%，同(tong)(tong)比下降2.4個百分(fen)點。

　　談及增長最快(kuai)的(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)險業(ye)(ye)務，太保(bao)產(chan)險在年報中表示(shi)，主要是加快(kuai)個(ge)人類(lei)健(jian)康(kang)險產(chan)品和服務創新，不(bu)斷(duan)豐富細(xi)分(fen)場景產(chan)品生(sheng)態體系；持續鞏固(gu)政保(bao)業(ye)(ye)務合作平臺，擴大(da)政策性健(jian)康(kang)險業(ye)(ye)務覆(fu)蓋區域，加強(qiang)對大(da)病(bing)保(bao)險、意外醫療、防貧脫貧等存量(liang)業(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)深度拓展(zhan)，同時充分(fen)挖掘護理保(bao)險、慢病(bing)保(bao)險、基本醫療經辦等創新項目的(de)(de)增長潛力。

　　在此前召開的太保2021年度業績發布會上，太保產險(xian)董(dong)事長顧越表示，一(yi)方面(mian)非(fei)(fei)車(che)險(xian)發展空(kong)間很(hen)大，另一(yi)方面(mian)車(che)險(xian)綜改(gai)后很(hen)多(duo)保險(xian)公司轉戰非(fei)(fei)車(che)險(xian)，非(fei)(fei)車(che)險(xian)市場競爭更(geng)加(jia)激(ji)烈；同時，由于中國的直保單和國際再保單價格(ge)倒掛，非(fei)(fei)車(che)險(xian)業務風(feng)險(xian)暴露(lu)比較多(duo)，做(zuo)好品質管理和風(feng)險(xian)轉移非(fei)(fei)常重要。

　　“太保產險這幾(ji)年持續加(jia)強專業(ye)能(neng)力(li)建設(she)，非(fei)車(che)(che)險綜合能(neng)力(li)得到了很大提升(sheng)。公(gong)司一方(fang)面將深耕非(fei)車(che)(che)險市場，加(jia)大市場占比；另一方(fang)面通過能(neng)力(li)的提升(sheng)，將進(jin)一步增強非(fei)車(che)(che)險的高質量發展。”顧越(yue)說。

　　數(shu)據顯示，隨(sui)著去(qu)年底(di)車險業(ye)務探(tan)底(di)回升，以(yi)及非車險業(ye)務的快速增(zeng)長，財險業(ye)正在持(chi)續(xu)回暖。今年前2月(yue)，“財險老三家”的保費收入增(zeng)幅均超過10%。