中央(yang)農村工作會議開方下藥三(san)農焦(jiao)點問題
糧食安全、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)基本經營制(zhi)度(du)、農(nong)(nong)產品質量(liang)、誰來(lai)種地(di)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)管理一一提上議程
⊙記者 梁敏(min) ○編輯 陳其玨
繼(ji)中央經濟工(gong)作會議強(qiang)調確(que)保(bao)糧食安全后,23-24日召開的中央農(nong)村(cun)工(gong)作會議再次強(qiang)調了(le)(le)堅持以(yi)我(wo)為主、立(li)足國(guo)內、確(que)保(bao)產能、適(shi)度(du)進口、科技支撐的國(guo)家糧食安全戰略。會議還討論了(le)(le)《中共中央、國(guo)務院關于全面深化農(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革加快推進農(nong)業(ye)現代化的若干意見(jian)(討論稿(gao))》。
關于確保(bao)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食安(an)全,會(hui)議指(zhi)出(chu),我(wo)國(guo)是(shi)個人(ren)口眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)大國(guo),解決好吃飯問題(ti)始(shi)終是(shi)治國(guo)理政(zheng)的(de)頭等大事。要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持以我(wo)為主(zhu),立足(zu)國(guo)內、確保(bao)產能(neng)、適度進口、科技(ji)支撐的(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)糧(liang)(liang)食安(an)全戰略。中國(guo)人(ren)的(de)飯碗(wan)任何時候都要(yao)(yao)(yao)牢牢端(duan)在(zai)自己手上。我(wo)們的(de)飯碗(wan)應該主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)裝中國(guo)糧(liang)(liang),一(yi)個國(guo)家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)有立足(zu)糧(liang)(liang)食基本(ben)(ben)自給,才(cai)能(neng)掌(zhang)握糧(liang)(liang)食安(an)全主(zhu)動權,進而才(cai)能(neng)掌(zhang)控經濟(ji)社會(hui)發展(zhan)這個大局。耕(geng)地(di)紅線要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴防死守,18億(yi)畝(mu)耕(geng)地(di)紅線仍然必須堅守,同(tong)時現有耕(geng)地(di)面積(ji)必須保(bao)持基本(ben)(ben)穩定。要(yao)(yao)(yao)讓農(nong)民種糧(liang)(liang)有利(li)可圖、讓主(zhu)產區抓糧(liang)(liang)有積(ji)極性,要(yao)(yao)(yao)探索形成(cheng)農(nong)業(ye)補(bu)貼同(tong)糧(liang)(liang)食生產掛鉤機(ji)制,讓多(duo)生產糧(liang)(liang)食者多(duo)得補(bu)貼。
對(dui)此(ci),糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安全問題專家、農(nong)科(ke)院信息中心研究員聶鳳(feng)英在(zai)接(jie)受(shou)上(shang)(shang)證報記(ji)者采訪時(shi)表示,盡管近(jin)(jin)年來我國糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)產(chan)量連年增加(jia),但糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)也(ye)面(mian)臨各種(zhong)問題,比如大(da)量農(nong)村(cun)勞動力轉移、“糧(liang)(liang)賤傷農(nong)”農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)積極性不高等。加(jia)上(shang)(shang)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)不可能完全依靠國際貿易(yi),因此(ci)今(jin)年國家尤其強(qiang)調口糧(liang)(liang)絕對(dui)安全。就像習近(jin)(jin)平總書記(ji)強(qiang)調的“中國人的飯碗任何(he)時(shi)候都要牢(lao)牢(lao)端在(zai)自己手上(shang)(shang)”。
中國(guo)人(ren)民(min)大學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan)學(xue)院教授(shou)鄭風田也(ye)對(dui)(dui)記者表示,會議提(ti)出“讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種糧(liang)有利(li)可(ke)圖”,這表明未來國(guo)家(jia)將會增加對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種糧(liang)補(bu)貼(tie),提(ti)高糧(liang)食(shi)收購價格。預計接下來將會出臺一些(xie)舉措對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)生產大縣進行(xing)資(zi)金(jin)扶持和(he)補(bu)貼(tie)。
關(guan)于(yu)堅(jian)持(chi)和完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)本經營(ying)制度(du),會議(yi)指出(chu),堅(jian)持(chi)黨的農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)政策,首(shou)要(yao)的就是堅(jian)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)本經營(ying)制度(du)。堅(jian)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)土地(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)集(ji)體所有,這是堅(jian)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)本經營(ying)制度(du)的“魂”。堅(jian)持(chi)家庭經營(ying)基(ji)礎性地(di)位(wei),農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)集(ji)體土地(di)應(ying)該由作(zuo)為集(ji)體經濟(ji)組(zu)織成員的農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)家庭承(cheng)包,其他(ta)任(ren)何主體都(dou)不能(neng)取代農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)家庭的土地(di)承(cheng)包地(di)位(wei),不論(lun)承(cheng)包經營(ying)權(quan)如(ru)何流轉,集(ji)體土地(di)承(cheng)包權(quan)都(dou)屬(shu)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)家庭。
鄭(zheng)風田分析(xi)說,“這一(yi)點與十八屆三(san)中全會強(qiang)調的(de)賦予農(nong)民更(geng)多(duo)財產權相一(yi)致的(de)。今年國家特(te)別(bie)重視土(tu)地改革和土(tu)地流轉(zhuan),而明晰農(nong)民對土(tu)地的(de)處置權正是(shi)保證土(tu)地流轉(zhuan)的(de)前提。”
關(guan)于(yu)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全,會議(yi)強調,能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)在食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全上(shang)(shang)給老百姓一個滿意的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)代(dai),是對(dui)我們(men)執政能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大考驗。食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全源頭在農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),基礎在農(nong)業,必須正(zheng)本清源,首先把農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)抓(zhua)好。要把農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全作為轉變農(nong)業發展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)、加快現代(dai)農(nong)業建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)環節(jie),用最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)謹的(de)(de)(de)標準、最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)、最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)厲的(de)(de)(de)處罰、最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)肅的(de)(de)(de)問責(ze),確保廣大人(ren)民(min)群眾“舌(she)尖上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全”。要把住生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)安(an)(an)(an)全關(guan),治(zhi)地(di)治(zhi)水,凈化農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境(jing),切斷污染(ran)物進入(ru)農(nong)田(tian)的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)條(tiao),對(dui)受污染(ran)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)耕地(di)、水等(deng),要劃定食(shi)(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)禁止(zhi)區域,進行(xing)集中修復,控肥、控藥(yao)、控添加劑,嚴(yan)(yan)格管(guan)制(zhi)亂用、濫(lan)用農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。同時,要形成(cheng)覆蓋從田(tian)間到餐桌全過程的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)制(zhi)度(du),建(jian)(jian)立(li)更為嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全監(jian)管(guan)責(ze)任制(zhi)和(he)(he)責(ze)任追(zhui)究(jiu)制(zhi)度(du),使權力和(he)(he)責(ze)任緊密掛鉤,抓(zhua)緊建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全追(zhui)溯體系,盡快建(jian)(jian)立(li)全國統一的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全信息追(zhui)溯平臺。
關于“誰(shui)來種地”,會議指出,解決好這個(ge)問題對我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發展和整個(ge)經(jing)濟社(she)會發展影響深遠。核心是要(yao)解決好人的問題,通過富裕農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)、提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)、扶持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min),讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)有效益,讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)有奔頭的產(chan)業(ye)(ye),讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)成為(wei)(wei)體面的職業(ye)(ye),讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)成為(wei)(wei)安居樂業(ye)(ye)的美(mei)麗(li)家(jia)園。要(yao)提(ti)高種地集(ji)約經(jing)營(ying)、規(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)、社(she)會化服務(wu)水平,增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)務(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)收入,鼓(gu)勵發展、大力扶持(chi)(chi)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場、專業(ye)(ye)大戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合作社(she)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)等新型主體。
關(guan)于加強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)社會管理(li),會議(yi)指(zhi)出,要以保障(zhang)和改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)民生為優先方向(xiang),樹立系(xi)統治理(li)、依法治理(li)、綜合(he)治理(li)、源(yuan)頭治理(li)理(li)念(nian),確保廣大農(nong)(nong)民安居樂業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)社會安定有序(xu)。
會議指出,要(yao)加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua),以保障國(guo)家糧食安全和促進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)民增收為核心,立足我(wo)國(guo)基本國(guo)情(qing)農(nong)(nong)情(qing),遵循現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)規(gui)律,依靠科技(ji)支撐和創新驅(qu)動(dong),提高土(tu)地產(chan)出率、資源(yuan)利用率、勞(lao)動(dong)生產(chan)率,努力(li)(li)走出一條生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)、經營規(gui)模(mo)適度、市場競爭力(li)(li)強、生態環境可(ke)持續的中(zhong)國(guo)特色新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)道路。要(yao)積極穩妥(tuo)扎實推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)城(cheng)鎮化(hua),到2020年,要(yao)解決約(yue)1億(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)城(cheng)常住的農(nong)(nong)業(ye)轉移人口(kou)落戶城(cheng)鎮、約(yue)1億(yi)人口(kou)的城(cheng)鎮棚戶區(qu)和城(cheng)中(zhong)村改造、約(yue)1億(yi)人口(kou)在中(zhong)西部地區(qu)的城(cheng)鎮化(hua),推(tui)動(dong)新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)要(yao)與農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成,突出特色推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)新農(nong)(nong)村建設,努力(li)(li)讓廣大農(nong)(nong)民群眾過(guo)上更(geng)好(hao)的日子(zi)。
值得注意的是,會議討(tao)論了《中共中央(yang)、國(guo)務院(yuan)關于全面深(shen)化農村改革(ge)加快推進農業現代化的若干(gan)意見(討(tao)論稿)》,這或許將是2014年的中央(yang)一號文(wen)件(jian)。據了解,這個(ge)文(wen)件(jian)的核心(xin)內容是生態農業和農業現代化。
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