中(zhong)國人民(min)銀行26日消息，中(zhong)國人民(min)銀行會同相關部門(men)起草了《金(jin)融控股公司監(jian)督管理(li)試行辦法(fa)（征求意見稿）》（下(xia)稱(cheng)《辦法(fa)》），對金(jin)控公司嚴把市場準(zhun)入(ru)關，強化關聯交易管理(li)。

　　此舉旨(zhi)在推動金融控股公司(si)規范發展，有效(xiao)防控金融風險，更好地服(fu)務實體經濟。專(zhuan)家表示，《辦法》將有效(xiao)彌(mi)補(bu)監管空白，減少監管套利行為。

　　強化關聯交易管理

　　《辦法》明確了監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)范(fan)圍(wei)，即符合一(yi)定條件且實(shi)(shi)際(ji)控(kong)制人(ren)為境內非(fei)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)企業和(he)自然人(ren)的(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，由(you)中國(guo)人(ren)民(min)銀行實(shi)(shi)施監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。對于(yu)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構跨(kua)業投(tou)資其他類(lei)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構形成的(de)(de)綜(zong)合化金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)集團，由(you)相關金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門根(gen)據《辦法》實(shi)(shi)施監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，并負責制定具體實(shi)(shi)施細則(ze)。另外，嚴格股(gu)(gu)(gu)東資質監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，通過正面清(qing)(qing)單和(he)負面清(qing)(qing)單的(de)(de)方(fang)式，規定成為金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東的(de)(de)條件及禁止行為。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)主(zhu)要股(gu)(gu)(gu)東、控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東或(huo)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)控(kong)制人(ren)應當核心主(zhu)業突(tu)出(chu)、公(gong)(gong)司(si)治理規范(fan)、股(gu)(gu)(gu)權結構清(qing)(qing)晰(xi)、財務狀況良好。

　　蘇寧金(jin)融研究院院長助理(li)薛洪言表(biao)示，《辦法》的(de)制(zhi)定在制(zhi)度層面彌補了我(wo)國對(dui)金(jin)融控(kong)股公司監管(guan)的(de)空(kong)白，能(neng)有效(xiao)減少機構監管(guan)和分業(ye)監管(guan)下的(de)監管(guan)套利(li)，是金(jin)融監管(guan)理(li)念從重視機構監管(guan)向(xiang)強調(diao)功能(neng)監管(guan)和行(xing)為監管(guan)轉變的(de)重要(yao)體現。

　　在市場(chang)準入(ru)方面，央行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)關(guan)(guan)部門負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)強調，對(dui)金融(rong)控股公(gong)司嚴把市場(chang)準入(ru)關(guan)(guan)十(shi)分(fen)必要(yao)和迫切，主要(yao)原因在于：第(di)一，這(zhe)是加(jia)強金融(rong)風險源頭管控的重(zhong)要(yao)舉措；第(di)二(er)，對(dui)金融(rong)控股公(gong)司依(yi)法(fa)實施監管，需要(yao)嚴格(ge)市場(chang)準入(ru)，設立明確(que)的行(xing)(xing)(xing)政許可，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能提(ti)高監管的權威性(xing)和有(you)效性(xing)，嚴格(ge)規范(fan)金融(rong)控股公(gong)司發展，及時糾正違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規行(xing)(xing)(xing)為；第(di)三，這(zhe)符合國際通行(xing)(xing)(xing)做法(fa)和監管改革趨勢。

　　薛(xue)洪言認為，在(zai)持(chi)牌(pai)監管的(de)大原(yuan)則下，牌(pai)照獲取是機構(gou)從事金融(rong)業務的(de)前(qian)提，在(zai)牌(pai)照審批階段把好(hao)關，把不符(fu)合要求的(de)機構(gou)排除(chu)在(zai)外，可以有(you)效(xiao)減緩后續金融(rong)體系監管和風(feng)險防(fang)控的(de)壓力(li)。

　　“這次對市場準入做了很嚴格的要(yao)求(qiu)，未來(lai)這些(xie)非金融(rong)企業設立(li)金融(rong)控股公(gong)司需要(yao)有(you)(you)明確的資質，有(you)(you)利于更好地管控風險。”交通銀行金融(rong)研究(jiu)中心首席金融(rong)分(fen)析師鄂永(yong)健稱。

　　在金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)上，這位負責人表示，《辦法(fa)》明確金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)管理的基本要求，并建立禁止(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的負面清(qing)單(dan)。其中，除財務公(gong)(gong)司(si)外，禁止(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)所控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)向(xiang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)提供(gong)(gong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)、向(xiang)其他關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)提供(gong)(gong)無(wu)擔(dan)保融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)，向(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)提供(gong)(gong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)或(huo)擔(dan)保不得(de)超過該(gai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)注(zhu)冊(ce)資(zi)本的10%或(huo)該(gai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)注(zhu)冊(ce)資(zi)本的20%，禁止(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)所控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)和非(fei)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)接(jie)受金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的股(gu)權作為質押標的，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)對金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)集團外的擔(dan)保余額不得(de)超過金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)凈資(zi)產的10%。

　　全面加強穿透監管

　　為(wei)規范金融(rong)控(kong)股公(gong)司行(xing)為(wei)，強(qiang)化金融(rong)控(kong)股公(gong)司監管，防(fang)范系統性(xing)金融(rong)風險，人民銀行(xing)會(hui)同(tong)相(xiang)關部(bu)門在并表的基礎上，通過多種(zhong)方式(shi)對金融(rong)控(kong)股集團的資本、行(xing)為(wei)及風險進行(xing)全面、持續(xu)、穿透(tou)監管。

　　具(ju)體而言，一是建立統(tong)一的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股公(gong)司監(jian)管信(xin)(xin)息平臺，要(yao)求金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股公(gong)司按(an)規定進行信(xin)(xin)息報告和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息披(pi)露。二是建立和(he)(he)完善金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股集(ji)團的風險評(ping)(ping)(ping)估體系，綜合運用宏(hong)觀(guan)審慎政策、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構評(ping)(ping)(ping)級(ji)等政策工具(ju)，評(ping)(ping)(ping)估金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股集(ji)團的經營管理與風險狀況。三(san)是根據(ju)履(lv)職(zhi)需要(yao)，對相關(guan)責任(ren)人進行監(jian)管談話(hua)，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股公(gong)司進行現(xian)場(chang)檢(jian)查，必(bi)要(yao)時經國務(wu)院批(pi)準，在監(jian)管協(xie)作(zuo)的基礎上，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)控股公(gong)司所控股金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構進行現(xian)場(chang)檢(jian)查。

　　四是要求金(jin)融控(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司制(zhi)定(ding)金(jin)融控(kong)股(gu)集團(tuan)整體恢(hui)復和處(chu)置計劃(hua)。五(wu)是金(jin)融控(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司違反《辦(ban)法》或發(fa)生重(zhong)大風險時，視情(qing)形對其采取限制(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)活動、限制(zhi)分紅(hong)或相關(guan)權(quan)利(li)、責令(ling)限期補充資本、責令(ling)轉讓股(gu)權(quan)等(deng)監管(guan)措(cuo)施(shi)，給予警告、罰(fa)款(kuan)等(deng)處(chu)罰(fa)。六(liu)是金(jin)融控(kong)股(gu)公(gong)(gong)司難以持續(xu)經(jing)營(ying)，將嚴重(zhong)危(wei)害金(jin)融秩序、損害公(gong)(gong)眾利(li)益的，應(ying)當依(yi)法進行市場(chang)退出(chu)。相關(guan)實(shi)施(shi)細則(ze)由人民銀(yin)行會同相關(guan)部(bu)門另行制(zhi)定(ding)。

　　上述(shu)負責人(ren)強調，對金融(rong)機(ji)構而(er)言，由股權架構清晰、風(feng)(feng)險隔離機(ji)制健全(quan)的金融(rong)控(kong)(kong)股公司作為控(kong)(kong)股股東，有(you)助于整合(he)金融(rong)資(zi)源，提升經營(ying)穩健性和競爭力(li)。按照《辦法(fa)(fa)》要(yao)求(qiu)，一些(xie)不符合(he)要(yao)求(qiu)的企業集(ji)團(tuan)需要(yao)進行(xing)股權整合(he)，但股權轉讓(rang)在集(ji)團(tuan)內部(bu)開展(zhan)且(qie)實際控(kong)(kong)制人(ren)未發生改變(bian)，金融(rong)機(ji)構所受影響有(you)限。那(nei)些(xie)通過(guo)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)規手(shou)段快(kuai)速擴張的金融(rong)控(kong)(kong)股集(ji)團(tuan)，往往體(ti)量大、業務雜(za)、關聯風(feng)(feng)險高(gao)，有(you)必要(yao)通過(guo)嚴格監管糾正其行(xing)為。

　　鄂永健表示(shi)，當前很多(duo)金(jin)控公(gong)司(si)不規范(fan)(fan)，包括(kuo)不透(tou)明或有(you)關聯交(jiao)易等(deng)。從長遠看，按照(zhao)《辦(ban)法(fa)》來規范(fan)(fan)有(you)利于整個金(jin)控公(gong)司(si)的規范(fan)(fan)發展。同時，《辦(ban)法(fa)》設有(you)過(guo)渡期，在實行過(guo)程(cheng)中，將不會出(chu)現較大風險。