國家統計局：4月份CPI同比上漲 PPI同比下降
中證網訊（記者 連潤）據國家(jia)(jia)統計(ji)局5月11日消息，國家(jia)(jia)統計(ji)局城市司首席統計(ji)師董(dong)莉娟表示，2023年4月份，CPI同比上漲，PPI同比下(xia)降。
董莉娟(juan)分析，4月份，市場供應總(zong)體充(chong)足，消費(fei)需求逐(zhu)步恢復，CPI環(huan)比下降0.1%，同比上(shang)(shang)漲0.1%。扣(kou)除食(shi)品和能源價格的核(he)心(xin)CPI環(huan)比由上(shang)(shang)月持(chi)平轉為上(shang)(shang)漲0.1%，同比上(shang)(shang)漲0.7%，漲幅與上(shang)(shang)月相(xiang)同。
從環比看，CPI下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.1%，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)幅比上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月收窄(zhai)0.2個百(bai)分點。其中(zhong)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.0%，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)幅比上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月收窄(zhai)0.4個百(bai)分點，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)約(yue)(yue)0.19個百(bai)分點。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)，鮮菜和(he)鮮果大量上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格分別下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)6.1%和(he)0.7%；生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)產能充足，疊加(jia)消費(fei)淡季影(ying)響(xiang)，豬(zhu)(zhu)肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)3.8%，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)幅比上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月收窄(zhai)0.4個百(bai)分點；糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用油價(jia)(jia)(jia)格基(ji)本平穩。非食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格由上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月持平轉(zhuan)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲0.1%，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲約(yue)(yue)0.04個百(bai)分點。非食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)，小(xiao)長假期間出行需(xu)求增加(jia)，交通工具租賃費(fei)、飛機票、賓館住宿和(he)旅游價(jia)(jia)(jia)格均有上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲，漲幅在4.6%—8.1%之間；受(shou)國(guo)際原油價(jia)(jia)(jia)格波(bo)動影(ying)響(xiang)，國(guo)內汽油和(he)柴油價(jia)(jia)(jia)格均下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.7%；商家降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)促銷，燃油小(xiao)汽車、新能源小(xiao)汽車和(he)家用器具價(jia)(jia)(jia)格分別下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.0%、0.9%和(he)0.6%。
從同(tong)(tong)比看(kan)，CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.1%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)比上(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)0.6個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。同(tong)(tong)比漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，主要是上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期對比基數較(jiao)(jiao)高。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，食品(pin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.4%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)比上(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)2.0個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.07個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。食品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，禽肉(rou)類、鮮果、食用油和(he)豬肉(rou)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)分(fen)別上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)6.7%、5.3%、4.8%和(he)4.0%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)均有(you)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)；鮮菜價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)下降(jiang)13.5%，降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大2.4個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。非食品(pin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.1%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)0.2個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.07個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。非食品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，服(fu)務(wu)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)1.0%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大0.2個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出行類服(fu)務(wu)恢復較(jiao)(jiao)好，飛機票(piao)、賓館住(zhu)宿、旅游和(he)交(jiao)通工具租賃費價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)在7.2%—28.7%之間；工業(ye)消費品(pin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)下降(jiang)1.5%，降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大0.7個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，主要是能源(yuan)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)回(hui)落(luo)(luo)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)汽油和(he)柴油價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)分(fen)別下降(jiang)10.6%和(he)11.5%，降(jiang)幅(fu)(fu)分(fen)別擴(kuo)(kuo)大4.0和(he)4.2個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。
據(ju)測算，在4月份0.1%的CPI同比漲幅中，上(shang)年(nian)價格變動(dong)的翹尾影響(xiang)約為0.3個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)(dian)，比上(shang)月回(hui)落0.4個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)(dian)；新漲價影響(xiang)約為-0.2個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)(dian)，上(shang)月為0。
董莉娟分析，4月份，受國際大宗商(shang)品價格波動、國內外(wai)市(shi)場需求總體偏(pian)弱及上年同期對比基數較高等因素影響，PPI環比下降(jiang)0.5%，同比下降(jiang)3.6%。
從環比看(kan)，PPI由(you)上(shang)(shang)月持平(ping)轉(zhuan)為下(xia)降0.5%。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，生產資(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)由(you)上(shang)(shang)月持平(ping)轉(zhuan)為下(xia)降0.6%；生活資(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)由(you)上(shang)(shang)月持平(ping)轉(zhuan)為下(xia)降0.3%。受國(guo)(guo)際(ji)原油價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)波動(dong)影(ying)響(xiang)，國(guo)(guo)內(nei)石油煤炭及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他燃料(liao)加(jia)工業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降2.3%，化(hua)學原料(liao)和(he)化(hua)學制(zhi)品制(zhi)造業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降1.1%。鋼材、水泥(ni)等行業(ye)供應整體(ti)充足，但需求不及(ji)預期，黑色(se)(se)金屬冶煉(lian)(lian)和(he)壓延(yan)加(jia)工業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降1.0%，水泥(ni)制(zhi)造價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降0.1%。煤炭產能繼續釋放(fang)，加(jia)之(zhi)進口量仍(reng)較大(da)，煤炭開采和(he)洗選業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降4.0%。有色(se)(se)金屬冶煉(lian)(lian)和(he)壓延(yan)加(jia)工業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲0.2%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)銅(tong)冶煉(lian)(lian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲0.3%，鋁冶煉(lian)(lian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲0.1%。另外，計算機通(tong)信和(he)其(qi)(qi)他電子設備制(zhi)造業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降0.7%，汽車(che)制(zhi)造業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)降0.2%；文教工美體(ti)育(yu)和(he)娛樂用品制(zhi)造業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲0.9%，紡織(zhi)服裝服飾業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲0.1%。
從(cong)同(tong)比(bi)看(kan)，PPI下(xia)(xia)(xia)降3.6%，降幅比(bi)上(shang)(shang)月擴大1.1個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。同(tong)比(bi)降幅擴大，主要是由于上(shang)(shang)年同(tong)期(qi)石油(you)、黑(hei)色金(jin)屬等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)對比(bi)基數走高，以及(ji)近(jin)期(qi)國內外需求偏弱。其中，生(sheng)產(chan)資料價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降4.7%，降幅擴大1.3個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；生(sheng)活(huo)資料價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)0.4%，漲(zhang)幅回落0.5個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。主要行(xing)業(ye)(ye)中，石油(you)和天然氣開(kai)采業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降16.3%，降幅擴大0.6個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；黑(hei)色金(jin)屬冶煉和壓延(yan)(yan)加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降13.6%，降幅擴大2.6個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；煤炭開(kai)采和洗選(xuan)業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降9.3%，降幅擴大6.1個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；有色金(jin)屬冶煉和壓延(yan)(yan)加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降8.6%，降幅擴大0.6個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。另(ling)外，計算機(ji)通信和其他電(dian)(dian)子設備制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降0.7%，汽車制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降1.0%；文教工(gong)美體育和娛樂(le)用品(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)4.5%，電(dian)(dian)力熱力生(sheng)產(chan)和供應業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.6%，農副食品(pin)加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.1%。
據測算，在4月份3.6%的PPI同比(bi)降幅中，上年價格變動的翹尾(wei)影響(xiang)約(yue)為(wei)-2.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點，上月為(wei)-2.0個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點；新漲(zhang)價影響(xiang)約(yue)為(wei)-1.0個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點，上月為(wei)-0.5個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點。
