??新華社北京8月21日電  《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央關于進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步全(quan)面(mian)深化改革、推進(jin)中(zhong)國式(shi)現代化的決定(ding)》提出：“完善(shan)學生(sheng)實習實踐(jian)制(zhi)度。”這一(yi)(yi)部(bu)署(shu)對(dui)于促進(jin)學生(sheng)德智體美勞全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)、培(pei)養高素質人才(cai)具有(you)重要意(yi)義。對(dui)此，可以從以下3個方(fang)面(mian)加(jia)深認(ren)識。

??第一，完(wan)善學(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)制度(du)，是(shi)(shi)新時代(dai)(dai)全面(mian)貫徹黨(dang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)針(zhen)、更好落實(shi)(shi)(shi)立德樹(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)根(gen)本(ben)任務的(de)(de)迫切需要(yao)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)必須(xu)與(yu)生(sheng)產勞動(dong)(dong)和社(she)會(hui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，是(shi)(shi)馬克(ke)思主義的(de)(de)一個基(ji)本(ben)觀點(dian)，是(shi)(shi)我們黨(dang)的(de)(de)一貫要(yao)求，也是(shi)(shi)黨(dang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)針(zhen)的(de)(de)重要(yao)內容。習(xi)(xi)近平總書記對(dui)新時代(dai)(dai)貫徹黨(dang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)針(zhen)提出明確要(yao)求，特(te)別強(qiang)(qiang)調要(yao)堅持社(she)會(hui)主義辦(ban)學(xue)方(fang)向，落實(shi)(shi)(shi)立德樹(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)任務，扎根(gen)中國(guo)大(da)地(di)辦(ban)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，同生(sheng)產勞動(dong)(dong)和社(she)會(hui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，努力(li)培(pei)養擔(dan)當民族復(fu)興(xing)大(da)任的(de)(de)時代(dai)(dai)新人(ren)(ren)(ren)，培(pei)養德智體(ti)美(mei)勞全面(mian)發展的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)主義建設者和接(jie)班人(ren)(ren)(ren)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)是(shi)(shi)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)同生(sheng)產勞動(dong)(dong)和社(she)會(hui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)具體(ti)途徑，通過加強(qiang)(qiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，讓(rang)學(xue)生(sheng)走出教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)室(shi)、走出校園(yuan)，走向火熱的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)主義現代(dai)(dai)化強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)建設的(de)(de)一線實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，可(ke)以(yi)幫助學(xue)生(sheng)樹(shu)立正確的(de)(de)世界(jie)觀、人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)觀、價值觀，不斷增強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)感情、對(dui)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)責(ze)任、對(dui)國(guo)家的(de)(de)忠誠，把自(zi)己的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)追(zhui)求同國(guo)家發展進步、人(ren)(ren)(ren)民偉大(da)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)緊(jin)密(mi)結(jie)合(he)起來，自(zi)覺成為(wei)社(she)會(hui)主義建設者和接(jie)班人(ren)(ren)(ren)。

??第(di)二(er)，完善(shan)學(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)制度，是全面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)才(cai)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)培(pei)養(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、完善(shan)拔尖創(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)體系的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要舉措。當(dang)前，新一輪(lun)科技(ji)革命(ming)和產(chan)業變革深入(ru)發展，圍(wei)繞高(gao)素質(zhi)人(ren)才(cai)和科技(ji)制高(gao)點的(de)(de)(de)國際(ji)競(jing)爭空前激烈，拔尖創(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)為促進(jin)和提(ti)升國家(jia)核心競(jing)爭力(li)最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)戰略資源。習(xi)近(jin)平總(zong)書記在(zai)黨的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十大報告(gao)中強調，全面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)才(cai)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)培(pei)養(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，著力(li)造(zao)就拔尖創(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)。通過實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，學(xue)(xue)生可以接(jie)觸到真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題、置(zhi)身于真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)場景(jing)，從而強化對知識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運用、對創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)切身感知，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現理論與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)相統(tong)一，提(ti)高(gao)科學(xue)(xue)思(si)維(wei)能(neng)力(li)、探索(suo)未知的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣和創(chuang)新意識(shi)(shi)。受多(duo)方面(mian)因素影響，當(dang)前一些地方和學(xue)(xue)校教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)還存在(zai)重(zhong)知識(shi)(shi)傳授、輕實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，對學(xue)(xue)生基于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)情境(jing)、運用知識(shi)(shi)解決問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)重(zhong)視不(bu)夠。全面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)才(cai)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)培(pei)養(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，亟須(xu)把實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)擺在(zai)更加重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)，創(chuang)新教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)方法和組織形式，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)中提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，培(pei)養(yang)造(zao)就更多(duo)拔尖創(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)。

??第三，完善學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐制(zhi)度(du)，是(shi)提升(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能(neng)、促進公(gong)(gong)平就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)高(gao)質(zhi)量就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的有(you)效途徑。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的重(zhong)要環節，高(gao)質(zhi)量實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)也(ye)是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生高(gao)質(zhi)量就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的重(zhong)要基(ji)礎(chu)。通(tong)過實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生豐富了(le)(le)社會經(jing)驗，接(jie)觸到(dao)了(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)位，明(ming)確了(le)(le)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)意愿和(he)(he)方向，將為畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生順利就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)奠定堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的基(ji)礎(chu)。黨(dang)的十八大(da)以來，教(jiao)(jiao)育部等(deng)部門先后印(yin)發(fa)了(le)(le)《關于(yu)加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)(he)規(gui)范(fan)普通(tong)本科高(gao)校實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)的意見》、《職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)規(gui)定》，持續推(tui)動實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)工(gong)作(zuo)的規(gui)范(fan)化、制(zhi)度(du)化建設。目(mu)前，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐還存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)少(shao)障(zhang)礙，部分(fen)高(gao)校對實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)不(bu)夠(gou)重(zhong)視、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)經(jing)費投入不(bu)足、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)組織管(guan)(guan)理(li)不(bu)到(dao)位的現象不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生獲得優(you)質(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)資源靠關系、托人(ren)情的現象一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)，部分(fen)用人(ren)單位接(jie)收學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐的熱(re)情不(bu)高(gao)。這些問題，影(ying)響了(le)(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生全面(mian)發(fa)展、成(cheng)長成(cheng)才，也(ye)影(ying)響了(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)平就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、高(gao)質(zhi)量就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，應當高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視，切實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)以解決。

??完善學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐制(zhi)度，需要在全(quan)社會樹(shu)立科(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)人(ren)才(cai)觀(guan)(guan)、成(cheng)才(cai)觀(guan)(guan)、教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)觀(guan)(guan)，把(ba)大(da)中小學(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)放在更加重要的(de)位置來統籌謀劃(hua)，從(cong)組織、管(guan)理、安全(quan)等方面(mian)進行全(quan)鏈條設(she)計。要把(ba)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)有機納入(ru)各級各類教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，改善學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)條件，創新(xin)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)形式與(yu)內容，全(quan)面(mian)提升實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量。建立健全(quan)機關企業(ye)事業(ye)單位接收學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)激勵機制(zhi)，進一步加強(qiang)高校(xiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)環節的(de)資源投入(ru)，規(gui)范實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)組織與(yu)管(guan)理，面(mian)向所(suo)有學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提供公(gong)平的(de)就業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)機會，提升實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)規(gui)范性、公(gong)平性、有效性。