中證網(wang)訊(記者(zhe) 徐金忠)全國(guo)政協委員、致公(gong)黨上海市委專職副主(zhu)委、秘(mi)書長(chang)馬進(jin)表(biao)示(shi),今年全國(guo)兩會期(qi)間(jian),擬提交一份提案,建議盡快對人臉識別技(ji)術應用制定相關管理辦法,使該領域監管做到有法可依(yi),有章(zhang)可循(xun)。
馬進(jin)指(zhi)出,人(ren)臉(lian)識(shi)(shi)別(bie),是利(li)用AI技(ji)(ji)術(shu),基于人(ren)的(de)臉(lian)部特征(zheng)信息進(jin)行(xing)身(shen)份識(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)一(yi)種識(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。自蘋(pin)果公司將(jiang)人(ren)臉(lian)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)開始用作(zuo)身(shen)份認證以后(hou),許(xu)多公司爭(zheng)相效仿(fang),其中包(bao)括國內的(de)銀行(xing)、保險等金融機構。
馬進(jin)認(ren)為,目(mu)前我(wo)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)還(huan)存在一些問題。第一是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)認(ren)證(zheng)能力參差不(bu)齊(qi)。現階段(duan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)百(bai)花齊(qi)放,對于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)能力也各有(you)不(bu)同,個別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)精(jing)準度還(huan)不(bu)夠(gou)高(gao),且由(you)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)模型比(bi)指紋(wen)更(geng)容易獲取(qu),故偽造人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)進(jin)行識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)會比(bi)偽造指紋(wen)更(geng)為方便(bian)。第二是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)流程(cheng)不(bu)夠(gou)規范。即使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)完全(quan)(quan)過關,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)進(jin)行身份認(ren)證(zheng),也需(xu)要嚴格的(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)。第三是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)效(xiao)力尚未(wei)確認(ren)。目(mu)前尚無法律(lv)法規對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)效(xiao)力進(jin)行規定。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)進(jin)行身份認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)交易,如(ru)后期發生(sheng)糾紛,法院(yuan)難以認(ren)定人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)認(ren)證(zheng)結果的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)性。第四(si)是(shi)(shi)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)保護不(bu)足。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關數據(ju),不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)隱(yin)私,也關系到國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)。第五(wu)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)尚未(wei)被(bei)普遍(bian)接受。目(mu)前,不(bu)少居(ju)民對廣泛采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)存有(you)權益(yi)保護方面的(de)(de)(de)疑慮。由(you)于我(wo)國沒有(you)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)限制,故人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們對各單位、公司是(shi)(shi)否會使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)侵(qin)害其權益(yi)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)疑慮。
鑒于目前我國在人臉識別技術應用(yong)(yong)方面存在以上問題(ti),馬(ma)進建議盡快對人臉識別技術應用(yong)(yong)制(zhi)定相關的管理辦法,使該領(ling)域監管做到有法可依,有章可循。
在制定管(guan)理辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)時(shi),馬進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)應(ying)著(zhu)重考慮六方面問題:第(di)(di)一要(yao)規范人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)采集、存(cun)儲。由(you)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)關(guan)系到(dao)公(gong)民隱私(si)和國家安全,有必(bi)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)規范。第(di)(di)二要(yao)加強對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)監督(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于在人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)或(huo)者(zhe)敏感應(ying)用(yong),均應(ying)納(na)入(ru)審批事項。第(di)(di)三明確對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)軟(ruan)硬件進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)系統(tong)(tong)軟(ruan)硬件進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)專業認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng),可以采用(yong)分(fen)級的(de)(de)(de)制度(du)。第(di)(di)四要(yao)確認(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)數據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律效力。鑒(jian)于目(mu)前現實(shi)中(zhong),在金融交(jiao)易行(xing)為中(zhong)已經大范圍將人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)作(zuo)為身(shen)份認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)(ju),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于使(shi)用(yong)符合(he)(he)資質的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)系統(tong)(tong)作(zuo)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)身(shen)份認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)予以法(fa)(fa)(fa)律性(xing)確認(ren)(ren)(ren),即(ji)用(yong)戶(hu)在人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)“刷臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”,可以視(shi)(shi)同為本人(ren)(ren)(ren)簽名,以減少后期(qi)合(he)(he)同糾紛(fen)的(de)(de)(de)產生。第(di)(di)五要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)監視(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)限(xian)制。利(li)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)嫌疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)監視(shi)(shi),是一項較為敏感的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)如需(xu)(xu)在公(gong)共場合(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)監視(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong),只(zhi)能由(you)國家機關(guan)或(huo)其(qi)授權的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)統(tong)(tong)一建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she);如需(xu)(xu)在私(si)有區域(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)監視(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong),且需(xu)(xu)要(yao)用(yong)到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de),則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)向(xiang)有關(guan)主管(guan)部(bu)門進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)備(bei)案。第(di)(di)六要(yao)設(she)置相(xiang)應(ying)罰則嚴懲違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)為。由(you)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)較為敏感和重要(yao),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)采用(yong)修改《刑法(fa)(fa)(fa)》等相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律或(huo)出臺(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋等方式,對(dui)(dui)(dui)利(li)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)技術(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為以及不法(fa)(fa)(fa)分(fen)子進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴懲。
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