11月28日(ri)，在國務(wu)院新聞辦公(gong)室舉行的(de)(de)發布會(hui)上，中(zhong)央農辦主任、農業(ye)農村部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)韓(han)長(chang)賦表示，近日(ri)公(gong)布的(de)(de)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央國務(wu)院關(guan)于保(bao)持土地(di)承包(bao)關(guan)系穩定并長(chang)久不變的(de)(de)意見》（簡(jian)稱《意見》），明確了鞏(gong)固和完善家庭承包(bao)經(jing)營制度的(de)(de)基本方向，明確了保(bao)持土地(di)承包(bao)關(guan)系長(chang)期(qi)穩定的(de)(de)基本原則，是一(yi)個關(guan)于農村土地(di)政策的(de)(de)重大(da)宣示。

　　韓長賦(fu)指出，長期穩定(ding)土地(di)(di)承(cheng)包關系，充(chong)分保障農(nong)(nong)民的土地(di)(di)承(cheng)包權益，完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村土地(di)(di)承(cheng)包經(jing)營(ying)制度，既(ji)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)增強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)民發展生產的信心，給農(nong)(nong)民吃下“定(ding)心丸”，又有(you)利于(yu)(yu)促進農(nong)(nong)村土地(di)(di)流轉，發展適度規(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)，還有(you)利于(yu)(yu)保障農(nong)(nong)村的長治久安。

　　兩不變 一穩定

　　韓長(chang)賦表示，這次中央(yang)發布的《意見》明確(que)了長(chang)久不(bu)變(bian)的政策內涵，歸納起來就是“兩不(bu)變(bian)、一(yi)穩(wen)定”，即保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)所有(you)、家庭承(cheng)包經營(ying)的基本制度長(chang)久不(bu)變(bian)，確(que)保農(nong)民集(ji)(ji)體(ti)有(you)效行使土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)所有(you)權、集(ji)(ji)體(ti)成員(yuan)平等(deng)享(xiang)有(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)包權；保持農(nong)戶依(yi)法承(cheng)包集(ji)(ji)體(ti)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)的基本權利長(chang)久不(bu)變(bian)，家庭經營(ying)在(zai)農(nong)業生(sheng)產經營(ying)中居于基礎性地(di)(di)(di)位；農(nong)村集(ji)(ji)體(ti)經濟組(zu)織成員(yuan)有(you)權依(yi)法承(cheng)包集(ji)(ji)體(ti)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)，任何(he)組(zu)織和個(ge)人都不(bu)能剝奪和非法限制。

　　韓(han)長賦說(shuo)，保持(chi)農(nong)(nong)戶承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)穩(wen)定，農(nong)(nong)民家庭是土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)經(jing)(jing)營的法定主體，發包(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)及其他(ta)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組織或(huo)個人不得違法調整其承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。第二(er)輪(lun)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)到期(qi)后應堅持(chi)延(yan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)原則，不得將承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)打亂重分，確(que)保絕(jue)大(da)多數農(nong)(nong)戶原有(you)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)繼續保持(chi)穩(wen)定。十(shi)九大(da)提出，第二(er)輪(lun)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)到期(qi)后再延(yan)長三(san)十(shi)年(nian)，這(zhe)次(ci)《意見》又進一步做了(le)明確(que)。第二(er)輪(lun)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)到期(qi)后再延(yan)長三(san)十(shi)年(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)關系從第一輪(lun)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)開始保持(chi)穩(wen)定長達七(qi)十(shi)五年(nian)，這(zhe)是實行(xing)“長久不變”的重大(da)舉措，也是具(ju)體體現。

　　下(xia)一(yi)步，農(nong)業農(nong)村部(bu)將(jiang)堅持土(tu)地承(cheng)包關系穩定并長久不變，穩定基本經(jing)營制度、尊重農(nong)民(min)主體地位，做好(hao)承(cheng)包地確(que)權登記頒證和新一(yi)輪延包工作，為實施(shi)鄉村振興戰(zhan)略、加快農(nong)業農(nong)村現(xian)代化提供制度保障。

　　確保政策落地

　　韓(han)長賦介紹(shao)，我國(guo)(guo)目前有15億多畝的農村承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)地(di)，涉及近兩億農戶。二(er)輪(lun)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)是從1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始，到(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)基本完(wan)(wan)成。如果按照承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)期(qi)三十年(nian)(nian)(nian)計算，到(dao)2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始，二(er)輪(lun)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)就(jiu)開始大批到(dao)期(qi)，就(jiu)要開始延(yan)包(bao)(bao)。延(yan)包(bao)(bao)的高峰(feng)期(qi)集(ji)中在2026年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)2028年(nian)(nian)(nian)。實際上，2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)、2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)經有少(shao)部(bu)分村開始做相(xiang)關(guan)工作，因為我國(guo)(guo)的情況各(ge)地(di)方(fang)并不(bu)(bu)完(wan)(wan)全(quan)相(xiang)同，所以每(mei)個地(di)方(fang)的承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)起始時間不(bu)(bu)是完(wan)(wan)全(quan)一樣、整齊劃一的。

　　韓長賦說，這次《意見》明確規定：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅(jian)持延包(bao)(bao)(bao)原則(ze)(ze)，不(bu)得(de)將(jiang)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)打亂(luan)重分，要確保絕大多數(shu)農(nong)戶原有承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)繼續保持穩(wen)定。絕大多數(shu)農(nong)戶原來包(bao)(bao)(bao)哪個(ge)地(di)(di)，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)哪個(ge)地(di)(di)，所以延包(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)原則(ze)(ze)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)延包(bao)(bao)(bao)的起點以各地(di)(di)第二輪土(tu)地(di)(di)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)到(dao)(dao)期開始計算，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)期還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三十年(nian)。具(ju)體(ti)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)縣，是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)二輪承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)到(dao)(dao)期為起點開始算起。

　　農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)部主(zhu)要將開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)三個方(fang)面(mian)的(de)工作(zuo)。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)把證(zheng)書(shu)發(fa)到(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)民手(shou)中。從2014年(nian)起，我(wo)國開(kai)(kai)始推進(jin)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)地的(de)確(que)權(quan)登記頒證(zheng)，經(jing)過六(liu)年(nian)來的(de)集(ji)中攻(gong)堅，這項工作(zuo)已(yi)經(jing)基本(ben)完成。目(mu)前發(fa)證(zheng)率超過94%，下(xia)一步(bu)要繼(ji)續(xu)抓好掃尾，做到(dao)(dao)(dao)應發(fa)盡發(fa)，要把現在農(nong)(nong)戶的(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)地明確(que)下(xia)來。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)健(jian)全配套法(fa)律(lv)政策(ce)。《農(nong)(nong)村(cun)土(tu)地承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)法(fa)》已(yi)經(jing)實施，要抓緊修改完善《土(tu)地經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)流轉管理辦(ban)法(fa)》等(deng)相關(guan)配套法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)和政策(ce)措施。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)延(yan)包(bao)(bao)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)部準備(bei)主(zhu)要在前期到(dao)(dao)(dao)期的(de)縣開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)第(di)二輪土(tu)地承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)期后(hou)的(de)延(yan)包(bao)(bao)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)部目(mu)前正在組織(zhi)申(shen)報。“通過試(shi)點(dian)(dian)來摸索經(jing)驗，指(zhi)導基層探索延(yan)包(bao)(bao)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)辦(ban)法(fa)。關(guan)于延(yan)包(bao)(bao)，在大面(mian)積操作(zuo)實行之(zhi)前，中央以及有(you)關(guan)部門還會出臺(tai)指(zhi)導意見。”韓長(chang)賦表(biao)示。