今年以來，我國高度重視農業生產，特(te)別是在(zai)保(bao)障糧(liang)食生產以及重要農產品供(gong)(gong)應方面，持續(xu)(xu)(xu)加(jia)大(da)支持力度，積(ji)極應對疫情、洪澇、病(bing)蟲害等(deng)諸多因素的(de)不利影響，農業經(jing)(jing)濟實現持續(xu)(xu)(xu)恢(hui)復性增長；糧(liang)食生產有(you)望連續(xu)(xu)(xu)6年保(bao)持在(zai)1.3萬億斤以上，牢(lao)牢(lao)守(shou)住了糧(liang)食安全的(de)底線；生豬產能(neng)持續(xu)(xu)(xu)恢(hui)復，供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)緊張(zhang)局(ju)面不斷(duan)改善，豬肉價(jia)格進入下降通道。三(san)季(ji)度，綜(zong)合反映農業經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)中經(jing)(jing)農業景(jing)氣指數(shu)為99.5，在(zai)二(er)季(ji)度比(bi)(bi)一(yi)季(ji)度顯著回(hui)升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)基礎(chu)上，三(san)季(ji)度再(zai)比(bi)(bi)二(er)季(ji)度回(hui)升(sheng)(sheng)1.1點，構成農經(jing)(jing)景(jing)氣指數(shu)的(de)農業生產、投資、收入、出(chu)口等(deng)6項指標均不同(tong)程度回(hui)升(sheng)(sheng)。

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)快速(su)恢復，一方面(mian)與“六穩”“六保(bao)”政策的(de)積(ji)極(ji)落實有關。今(jin)年我國(guo)提高(gao)了(le)早秈(xian)稻、中晚(wan)秈(xian)稻最(zui)低收(shou)購價，同(tong)時統籌整(zheng)合(he)40多(duo)億(yi)元資金支持雙(shuang)季稻生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，進(jin)一步(bu)激(ji)發了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種(zhong)糧積(ji)極(ji)性；加大地方政府債券支農(nong)(nong)(nong)力度(du)，重點支持高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人(ren)居環境整(zheng)治(zhi)、現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)業園(yuan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)倉儲保(bao)鮮冷(leng)鏈物(wu)流設(she)施等領域的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，進(jin)一步(bu)提升了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率。另一方面(mian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展基礎的(de)不(bu)斷鞏固，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)(chan)恢復提供了(le)有力支撐(cheng)。當前，我國(guo)實施嚴格(ge)的(de)耕(geng)地保(bao)護制度(du)，嚴守18億(yi)畝(mu)耕(geng)地保(bao)護紅線，加大高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，目前，高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)已建(jian)(jian)成7億(yi)多(duo)畝(mu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)有效灌(guan)溉(gai)面(mian)積(ji)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)10億(yi)畝(mu)；現(xian)代科(ke)技不(bu)斷提升，農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)耕(geng)種(zhong)收(shou)綜合(he)機(ji)械化水平(ping)達到(dao)70%以(yi)上，主要糧食作物(wu)耕(geng)種(zhong)收(shou)綜合(he)機(ji)械化率超(chao)過(guo)(guo)80%；現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)業園(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)正在扎(zha)實推(tui)進(jin)，2017年以(yi)來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部、財政部已批準(zhun)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)62個(ge)、認定(ding)20個(ge)國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業園(yuan)，各地共創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)1000多(duo)個(ge)省級(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業園(yuan)和一大批市縣級(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業園(yuan)，進(jin)一步(bu)促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業融合(he)。

　　雖然我國農業發(fa)(fa)展取得了顯著成(cheng)效，但地區(qu)間農業現代化水(shui)平發(fa)(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)均衡，不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)地區(qu)農業生產規模小、機械化水(shui)平低、產業鏈條不(bu)(bu)(bu)完整、經(jing)營理念不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠先進等問題依然存在，農業抗風險能力較(jiao)弱。

　　“十(shi)四五”時(shi)期是(shi)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建設社(she)會主(zhu)義現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)國家開局起步的重要時(shi)期，是(shi)推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的歷史重要窗口期。為此，要加大農(nong)(nong)業技術裝備、勞動力、組織管理等生產要素的變(bian)革，推動農(nong)(nong)業生產向(xiang)規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、集約化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)轉變(bian)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)提升農(nong)(nong)業現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平。

　　一是(shi)(shi)加大現(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)業裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)創新(xin)與應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，提升農(nong)業裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)技術(shu)(shu)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化水平。應(ying)加快農(nong)機裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)和(he)農(nong)機作(zuo)(zuo)業智(zhi)能化改(gai)造(zao)(zao)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)推動植(zhi)保無(wu)人(ren)機、無(wu)人(ren)駕駛農(nong)機、農(nong)業機器人(ren)等(deng)新(xin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)在規模種(zhong)養領域的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)；圍繞設(she)施(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)綠色高效發展，引入物(wu)聯網、人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能等(deng)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)信息(xi)技術(shu)(shu)，重點在設(she)施(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)專用(yong)(yong)傳感器、自動作(zuo)(zuo)業、精準(zhun)作(zuo)(zuo)業和(he)智(zhi)能運(yun)維(wei)管(guan)理等(deng)關鍵技術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)上取(qu)得(de)突破；搭建農(nong)機裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)與技術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)創新(xin)平臺，圍繞高端(duan)農(nong)機裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)和(he)關鍵零(ling)部件(jian)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)，著力解決農(nong)機裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)中的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)性共(gong)性問題(ti)、關鍵核(he)心(xin)技術(shu)(shu)難題(ti)以及集(ji)成配套問題(ti)，推動農(nong)機創新(xin)成果工(gong)程化、產業化。

　　二是培育(yu)壯(zhuang)大新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，構建現(xian)(xian)代化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)系。近(jin)年來，我國加(jia)(jia)速推進新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)培育(yu)工程，新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)不(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)化效應不(bu)斷(duan)顯現(xian)(xian)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)代化提供了有力(li)支(zhi)(zhi)撐。不(bu)斷(duan)壯(zhuang)大新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，要以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)園、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)基礎設施(shi)等(deng)(deng)重點農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)項目建設為依托(tuo)，從(cong)建設用地(di)、財政補(bu)(bu)貼、稅收優惠、金融支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)等(deng)(deng)方面著手，綜合(he)運用政府購買服務、以獎代補(bu)(bu)、先建后補(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)方式，加(jia)(jia)大對新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)力(li)度；鼓(gu)勵和引導(dao)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)向(xiang)“企業(ye)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)”“企業(ye)+基地(di)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)”“企業(ye)+合(he)作社+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)”等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種形式的(de)產業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)模(mo)式發展(zhan)，形成訂(ding)單生產、股份(fen)合(he)作、產銷聯(lian)動(dong)、利潤返(fan)還等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種緊密型(xing)利益(yi)聯(lian)結機(ji)制，發揮新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)示(shi)范帶(dai)動(dong)作用，將小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)引入現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)軌道。

　　三(san)是加快實施數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)(cun)戰(zhan)略，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉型。隨著移動(dong)互聯網(wang)(wang)的快速(su)發(fa)展，“互聯網(wang)(wang)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業”呈快速(su)發(fa)展態勢，為我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業現(xian)代化(hua)提(ti)供了新(xin)路徑、新(xin)手段。推(tui)動(dong)5G、物聯網(wang)(wang)、大(da)(da)數(shu)據、人工智能等(deng)(deng)(deng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)技術(shu)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展中的應(ying)用，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)服務數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)改造，大(da)(da)力提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)力，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業高質量發(fa)展，一要加大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)信息基礎設施建設，深入推(tui)進(jin)信息進(jin)村(cun)(cun)入戶(hu)工程，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)鄉村(cun)(cun)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)實施水平；二要建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)數(shu)據平臺(tai)(tai)，匯(hui)聚(ju)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)、經營(ying)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方面的數(shu)據信息，滿足(zu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)決策的數(shu)據需(xu)求(qiu)；三(san)要進(jin)一步完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)物流(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)，推(tui)動(dong)各類電商、快遞(di)、物流(liu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)平臺(tai)(tai)向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)下沉，暢通電商進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)“最后一公里(li)”。

　　四是推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)，打造(zao)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)軍(jun)。近(jin)年來，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)增長較(jiao)快，2018年達到(dao)(dao)1693萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。但職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)在全部(bu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員中所占的(de)(de)比重依然較(jiao)低(di)，僅為8.36%。加(jia)快新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)，將新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)經營主(zhu)(zhu)體培(pei)(pei)育(yu)工(gong)程與新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)工(gong)程相(xiang)結(jie)合，以新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)經營主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)經營示范帶(dai)動新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)；通過院校化(hua)、正規化(hua)、系統化(hua)、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)等(deng)方式開展(zhan)多層次、多渠道的(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養；讓(rang)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)與科技(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員“互助結(jie)對”，既讓(rang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)有力(li)(li)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)幫(bang)手，又(you)讓(rang)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科研人(ren)(ren)(ren)員找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)理論聯系實際的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)伙伴，實現優勢互補；加(jia)強培(pei)(pei)育(yu)師資隊伍建設，切實提(ti)高新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農民(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量。（呂慶喆）