中證網(wang)訊（記(ji)者 劉麗靚）國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改(gai)委1月(yue)14日消息，近日，經國務(wu)院同意，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改(gai)委聯合(he)九部(bu)門印發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)推進污(wu)(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化利用的(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)意見》（以下(xia)簡稱《指(zhi)導(dao)意見》），國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改(gai)委有關負(fu)責人答記(ji)者問時(shi)表(biao)示，將加大中央財政(zheng)資金(jin)對污(wu)(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化利用的(de)(de)投(tou)入力度，支持地方(fang)政(zheng)府專項債券用于(yu)符(fu)合(he)條件(jian)的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化利用建設(she)項目，鼓勵地方(fang)設(she)計(ji)多元化的(de)(de)財政(zheng)性資金(jin)投(tou)入保障(zhang)機制。鼓勵企(qi)業依(yi)法合(he)規拓寬融資渠道，穩(wen)妥(tuo)推進基礎設(she)施領域不動產投(tou)資信托基金(jin)試點，探(tan)索開(kai)展項目收益權、特許經營權等質押融資擔保。

　　《指導意見(jian)》明確，到2025年，全國污(wu)水(shui)收(shou)集(ji)效能(neng)顯(xian)著提升(sheng)，縣城及(ji)城市污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)能(neng)力基本(ben)滿足當地經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發展需要，水(shui)環境敏(min)感地區(qu)污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)基本(ben)實現提標升(sheng)級(ji)；全國地級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)上缺水(shui)城市再生水(shui)利用率達到25%以(yi)上，京津冀地區(qu)達到35%以(yi)上；工業用水(shui)重復利用、畜禽(qin)糞污(wu)和漁業養殖尾水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利用水(shui)平顯(xian)著提升(sheng)；污(wu)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利用政(zheng)策體(ti)系(xi)和市場機制(zhi)(zhi)基本(ben)建(jian)立。到2035年，形成系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、安(an)全、環保、經濟(ji)的污(wu)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利用格(ge)局。為完成目標任務，要堅持(chi)“節水(shui)優先、統(tong)(tong)籌推進，因(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)宜、分(fen)類施策，政(zheng)府(fu)引(yin)導、市場驅動(dong)，科(ke)技(ji)引(yin)領、試點示范”等基本(ben)原則(ze)。

　　《指導意見》提出，在城鎮、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和農業(ye)(ye)農村等(deng)領域系統開展(zhan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)，以(yi)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)地區和水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境敏感區域為(wei)重點，以(yi)城鎮生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)為(wei)突破(po)口(kou)，以(yi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)和生(sheng)態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)主要途徑(jing)，全面(mian)推(tui)動我國污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)實現高質量發(fa)展(zhan)。污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的重點領域包括城鎮生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、農業(ye)(ye)農村污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)三方面(mian)。

　　一是加(jia)快推(tui)進城鎮生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水資源(yuan)化利用(yong)。要(yao)求豐水地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)實(shi)(shi)施差(cha)別化分區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)提標(biao)(biao)改造和(he)精(jing)準治污(wu)(wu)；缺水地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)特別是水質型缺水地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)優先(xian)將達標(biao)(biao)排放水轉化為可(ke)利用(yong)的(de)(de)水資源(yuan)就(jiu)近回補(bu)自然水體，推(tui)進區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域污(wu)(wu)水資源(yuan)化循環利用(yong)；資源(yuan)型缺水地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以需(xu)定供、分質用(yong)水，推(tui)廣(guang)再生(sheng)水用(yong)于工業(ye)生(sheng)產、市政(zheng)雜用(yong)和(he)生(sheng)態補(bu)化利用(yong)。具備條件的(de)(de)缺水地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)對市政(zheng)管(guan)網未覆蓋的(de)(de)住(zhu)宅小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、學校、企事(shi)業(ye)單位的(de)(de)生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水進行達標(biao)(biao)處理(li)后實(shi)(shi)現就(jiu)近回用(yong)。高耗(hao)水行業(ye)項目(mu)具備使用(yong)再生(sheng)水條件但未有效利用(yong)的(de)(de)，要(yao)嚴格(ge)控制新(xin)增取水許可(ke)。

　　二是積極(ji)推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源化利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。要求開展企業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)審計、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效對標和節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改(gai)造，推進(jin)企業(ye)(ye)內(nei)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循環利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。推進(jin)園區內(nei)企業(ye)(ye)間串聯用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、分質用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多用(yong)(yong)和梯(ti)級(ji)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)、園區污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)設施建(jian)設，提高運營(ying)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平。開展工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再生利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質監測評價和用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)。

　　三是穩妥推進農業農村污水資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用。要求積極探(tan)索(suo)符合農村實際、低成本的農村生活(huo)污水治(zhi)理(li)技(ji)術和模(mo)式(shi)，推廣工程和生態相結(jie)合的模(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)工藝技(ji)術，推動(dong)農村生活(huo)污水就近就地資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用。推廣種養結(jie)合、以用促治(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)，采用經濟適用的肥料化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)工藝技(ji)術促進畜禽糞污資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用，鼓勵漁業養殖尾水循環利(li)用。

　　為保障重(zhong)點(dian)領域污(wu)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)有(you)效實(shi)施(shi)，《指導意見》部署實(shi)施(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)收集(ji)及(ji)資源(yuan)化(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)設施(shi)建設工(gong)程、區域再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程、工(gong)業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程、農業(ye)農村污(wu)水(shui)(shui)以用(yong)(yong)促治工(gong)程、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)近零排放科技創新試點(dian)工(gong)程以及(ji)綜合開(kai)展(zhan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)試點(dian)示范等重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)程，并(bing)就各項工(gong)程建設提出(chu)了具體要求。

　　該負責人表示，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具有(you)較強公益性，既需(xu)要(yao)(yao)市場積(ji)極參與，也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)政府(fu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范引導。《指(zhi)導意見(jian)》著力從健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)法規(gui)(gui)(gui)標(biao)準、構建政策(ce)體(ti)(ti)系、健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)價(jia)格機制(zhi)、完善財金(jin)政策(ce)、強化(hua)(hua)(hua)科(ke)技(ji)支撐等(deng)(deng)五方面健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)。如推進制(zhi)定節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)條例，將再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)入城市供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)系，推動(dong)制(zhi)修訂地方水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)排(pai)放標(biao)準，抓緊制(zhi)定再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于生態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范和(he)管控(kong)要(yao)(yao)求，制(zhi)修訂污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)關裝備、工程、運行(xing)等(deng)(deng)標(biao)準。制(zhi)定區域再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循環(huan)(huan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)點、典型(xing)地區再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)配置試(shi)點、工業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循環(huan)(huan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥無(wu)害化(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、國家高新(xin)區工業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)近零排(pai)放科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)試(shi)點等(deng)(deng)實施方案，形成污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“1+N”政策(ce)體(ti)(ti)系。研究制(zhi)定“十(shi)四五”城鎮生活污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)和(he)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃。研究污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)統計方法與制(zhi)度。完善用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量控(kong)制(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)中非(fei)常規(gui)(gui)(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)指(zhi)標(biao)考(kao)核相(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。完善取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)許可(ke)管理(li)制(zhi)度。對(dui)于提供(gong)公共(gong)生態環(huan)(huan)境服務(wu)功(gong)能的(de)(de)河湖濕地生態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、景觀環(huan)(huan)境用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)，鼓勵采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)政府(fu)購(gou)買服務(wu)的(de)(de)方式推動(dong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。要(yao)(yao)求部署相(xiang)關重點專項(xiang)開展污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)。引導組建污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)創(chuang)新(xin)戰略聯盟。推廣(guang)一(yi)批成熟的(de)(de)工藝、技(ji)術和(he)裝備等(deng)(deng)。

　　該負責(ze)人指出，國(guo)家有關(guan)部門各司其職(zhi)，形成(cheng)工(gong)作合力(li)。各省（區、市(shi)）政府抓緊(jin)組織制定相(xiang)關(guan)規劃(hua)或實(shi)施方案(an)；市(shi)縣政府擔負主體責(ze)任(ren)，制定計劃(hua)，明確(que)任(ren)務，確(que)保各項工(gong)作順利完成(cheng)。同(tong)時，督促(cu)有關(guan)方面持續實(shi)施國(guo)家節(jie)水行動，加強(qiang)對再生水納入水資(zi)源(yuan)統一配置，嚴格自備(bei)井(jing)管理，強(qiang)化污水處理達標排放等相(xiang)關(guan)政策(ce)的監督管理，健全污水資(zi)源(yuan)化水質全過程監測體系，確(que)保污水資(zi)源(yuan)化安全利用。