2021年12月份CPI和PPI同比漲幅均有所回落(luo)

　　——國家統計局城市司高級統計師董莉娟解讀2021年12月份CPI和PPI數據

　　國家(jia)統計(ji)(ji)(ji)局今天發布了2021年(nian)12月份全國CPI（居民消費價格指(zhi)數）和PPI（工業(ye)生產(chan)者(zhe)出(chu)廠價格指(zhi)數）數據。對此，國家(jia)統計(ji)(ji)(ji)局城市(shi)司高級統計(ji)(ji)(ji)師董(dong)莉(li)娟進(jin)行了解讀。

　　一、CPI環比由(you)漲(zhang)轉(zhuan)降，同比漲(zhang)幅(fu)回落

　　12月份，國(guo)內疫情多點散發，各地區各部門統(tong)籌推進疫情防控和保供穩價，消費市場(chang)總體平穩。

　　從(cong)環比看(kan)，CPI由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)上漲(zhang)(zhang)0.4%轉為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.3%。其(qi)中(zhong)，食(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)環比由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)上漲(zhang)(zhang)2.4%轉為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.6%，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)約0.10個(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)。食(shi)品中(zhong)，鮮(xian)菜上市量增加(jia)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)高位回落，環比由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)上漲(zhang)(zhang)6.8%轉為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)8.3%；受季節性(xing)因素影(ying)響(xiang)，鮮(xian)果價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上漲(zhang)(zhang)3.4%；冬季腌臘進入尾(wei)聲，加(jia)之生豬出欄有所(suo)加(jia)快，豬肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)比上月(yue)(yue)大幅(fu)回落11.8個(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)。非食(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)持平轉為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.2%，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)約0.17個(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)。非食(shi)品中(zhong)，工業消(xiao)費品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)上漲(zhang)(zhang)0.3%轉為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.5%，其(qi)中(zhong)受國際原油(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)行影(ying)響(xiang)，汽油(you)(you)和柴油(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)分別下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)5.4%和5.8%。服(fu)務價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)由(you)(you)(you)(you)上月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.3%轉為(wei)(wei)持平，其(qi)中(zhong)，因春節臨近(jin)，家政(zheng)服(fu)務價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上漲(zhang)(zhang)1.3%；疫情影(ying)響(xiang)居(ju)民(min)出行，賓館住宿價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.8%。

　　從(cong)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)看，CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.5%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月回(hui)(hui)落0.8個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，食(shi)(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)由上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.6%轉為下降1.2%，影(ying)響CPI下降約(yue)0.22個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)(zhong)，豬肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下降36.7%，降幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月擴大(da)4.0個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)；鮮菜價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)10.6%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月大(da)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)回(hui)(hui)落20.0個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)；淡水魚、雞蛋和食(shi)(shi)用植物油(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)別上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)16.7%、14.2%和9.0%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)均有(you)回(hui)(hui)落。非食(shi)(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)2.1%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月回(hui)(hui)落0.4個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，影(ying)響CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)約(yue)1.69個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。非食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)(zhong)，工業消費品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)2.9%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)回(hui)(hui)落1.0個(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)汽油(you)(you)和柴油(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)別上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)23.0%和25.4%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)均比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月回(hui)(hui)落較(jiao)多；服務價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.5%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月相同(tong)。扣(kou)除食(shi)(shi)品和能(neng)源價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)核心(xin)CPI同(tong)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.2%，漲(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月相同(tong)。

　　二(er)、PPI環比由平轉降(jiang)，同比漲幅回落

　　12月(yue)份(fen)，保供穩價(jia)(jia)政策(ce)效(xiao)果持續(xu)顯(xian)現，疊加原油等部分(fen)國際大宗商品價(jia)(jia)格走低影響，工業品價(jia)(jia)格有所(suo)回落。

　　從環比看，PPI由上(shang)月持平轉(zhuan)為下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.2%。其中(zhong)，生產(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.6%，降(jiang)幅比上(shang)月擴大(da)(da)1.5個百分(fen)點；生活(huo)資(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)由上(shang)漲0.4%轉(zhuan)為持平。保(bao)供(gong)穩價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)政策落(luo)實力度(du)不斷加大(da)(da)，煤(mei)炭價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)繼續(xu)回落(luo)，煤(mei)炭開采(cai)和(he)洗(xi)選業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)8.3%，降(jiang)幅擴大(da)(da)3.4個百分(fen)點；煤(mei)炭加工價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)15.4%，降(jiang)幅擴大(da)(da)7.0個百分(fen)點。冬季鋼材、水泥等(deng)建筑材料(liao)需求偏(pian)弱，價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)所下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，黑色金(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)壓延加工業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)4.4%，非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)礦物制品(pin)業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.4%。國際原油、有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)走低，帶動國內(nei)相(xiang)關行業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。石油開采(cai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)8.3%，精煉(lian)(lian)(lian)石油產(chan)(chan)品(pin)制造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)4.0%，化(hua)學(xue)原料(liao)和(he)化(hua)學(xue)制品(pin)制造(zao)業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)2.1%；有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)壓延加工業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.4%。另外，進口液化(hua)天然氣價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)漲，影響燃(ran)氣生產(chan)(chan)和(he)供(gong)應業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)漲5.3%；燃(ran)煤(mei)發電市場交易價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)浮動范圍擴大(da)(da)，電力熱(re)力生產(chan)(chan)和(he)供(gong)應業價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)漲3.0%。

　　從同(tong)(tong)比(bi)看，PPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)10.3%，漲(zhang)(zhang)幅比(bi)上(shang)(shang)月回落(luo)(luo)2.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。其(qi)中，生產資料價格上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)13.4%，漲(zhang)(zhang)幅回落(luo)(luo)3.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；生活(huo)資料價格上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)1.0%，漲(zhang)(zhang)幅與上(shang)(shang)月相同(tong)(tong)。調查的40個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)業行業大(da)(da)(da)類中，價格上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)的有(you)37個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，與上(shang)(shang)月相同(tong)(tong)。主要(yao)行業中，價格漲(zhang)(zhang)幅回落(luo)(luo)的有(you)：煤炭開采(cai)和(he)(he)洗(xi)選業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)66.8%，回落(luo)(luo)22.0個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；石(shi)油和(he)(he)天然氣開采(cai)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)45.6%，回落(luo)(luo)22.9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；石(shi)油煤炭及(ji)其(qi)它(ta)燃料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)36.4%，回落(luo)(luo)16.7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；黑色金屬冶煉和(he)(he)壓(ya)延(yan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)21.4%，回落(luo)(luo)9.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；有(you)色金屬冶煉和(he)(he)壓(ya)延(yan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)20.0%，回落(luo)(luo)6.5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。價格漲(zhang)(zhang)幅擴大(da)(da)(da)的有(you)：燃氣生產和(he)(he)供(gong)應(ying)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)12.5%，擴大(da)(da)(da)1.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；電力熱力生產和(he)(he)供(gong)應(ying)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)4.8%，擴大(da)(da)(da)2.4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)；食品制造(zao)業上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)4.2%，擴大(da)(da)(da)0.7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。