新華社北京12月19日電

　　中共中央 國務院關于構建數據基礎制度更好發揮數據要素作用的意見

　　（2022年12月2日）

　　數據作為新型(xing)生產要素，是數字化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、智能化(hua)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎，已(yi)快速融入(ru)生產、分(fen)配(pei)、流通、消費(fei)和社會服務管(guan)理(li)等各環節，深刻改變著生產方式(shi)、生活方式(shi)和社會治理(li)方式(shi)。數據基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎制度建設事關國(guo)(guo)家發展和安全大局。為加快構建數據基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎制度，充(chong)分(fen)發揮我國(guo)(guo)海量(liang)數據規模(mo)和豐(feng)富應(ying)用場景(jing)優(you)勢，激活數據要素潛能，做(zuo)強做(zuo)優(you)做(zuo)大數字經(jing)濟，增強經(jing)濟發展新動能，構筑國(guo)(guo)家競爭(zheng)新優(you)勢，現(xian)提(ti)出如下意(yi)見。

　　一、總體要求

　　（一(yi)）指導思想。以習近平新(xin)時代(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)色社會(hui)主義(yi)思想為指導，深(shen)入(ru)貫徹黨的二十大精神(shen)，完整、準(zhun)確、全(quan)面貫徹新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)(li)念(nian)，加快(kuai)構建新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)格局(ju)，堅持改革創新(xin)、系統謀劃，以維護國家數(shu)(shu)據安全(quan)、保護個人(ren)信息和商業(ye)秘密為前提(ti)，以促(cu)進數(shu)(shu)據合(he)(he)規(gui)高效流(liu)通使用、賦能實體經濟(ji)(ji)為主線(xian)，以數(shu)(shu)據產權、流(liu)通交(jiao)易、收益(yi)分配、安全(quan)治(zhi)理(li)(li)為重(zhong)點，深(shen)入(ru)參(can)與國際高標準(zhun)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)規(gui)則制定(ding)，構建適應(ying)數(shu)(shu)據特(te)征、符合(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)律(lv)、保障國家數(shu)(shu)據安全(quan)、彰顯創新(xin)引領的數(shu)(shu)據基(ji)礎制度，充分實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)據要(yao)素(su)價值、促(cu)進全(quan)體人(ren)民共享數(shu)(shu)字(zi)經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)紅利，為深(shen)化(hua)創新(xin)驅動、推(tui)動高質量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)、推(tui)進國家治(zhi)理(li)(li)體系和治(zhi)理(li)(li)能力現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)提(ti)供有力支(zhi)撐。

　　（二）工作原則

　　——遵循發展(zhan)規(gui)律(lv)，創(chuang)新(xin)制度(du)安(an)(an)排(pai)。充分認識和把握數(shu)(shu)據(ju)產權(quan)(quan)、流通、交易、使用、分配、治理(li)、安(an)(an)全等基(ji)本規(gui)律(lv)，探(tan)索有利于數(shu)(shu)據(ju)安(an)(an)全保護(hu)、有效利用、合規(gui)流通的產權(quan)(quan)制度(du)和市場(chang)體系，完善數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要素市場(chang)體制機制，在(zai)實踐中完善，在(zai)探(tan)索中發展(zhan)，促進形成(cheng)與數(shu)(shu)字生產力相適應(ying)的新(xin)型生產關(guan)系。

　　——堅持(chi)共享(xiang)(xiang)共用，釋放(fang)價值紅(hong)利。合理降低市場主體獲取(qu)數(shu)據的門檻，增強數(shu)據要素共享(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)、普(pu)惠(hui)性(xing)，激勵創新創業創造，強化反壟斷和反不正當競爭(zheng)，形成依(yi)法(fa)規(gui)范、共同參與(yu)、各取(qu)所需、共享(xiang)(xiang)紅(hong)利的發(fa)展模式。

　　——強(qiang)化(hua)優質供(gong)給(gei)，促進合規流(liu)通。順應經濟社會(hui)數(shu)字化(hua)轉型發展(zhan)趨勢，推動(dong)數(shu)據要(yao)素(su)供(gong)給(gei)調整(zheng)優化(hua)，提高(gao)數(shu)據要(yao)素(su)供(gong)給(gei)數(shu)量和(he)質量。建立數(shu)據可信流(liu)通體系，增強(qiang)數(shu)據的(de)可用(yong)(yong)、可信、可流(liu)通、可追溯水平。實(shi)現數(shu)據流(liu)通全(quan)過(guo)程動(dong)態管理，在合規流(liu)通使用(yong)(yong)中激活數(shu)據價(jia)值。

　　——完善治理體系，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)安全發展。統籌發展和安全，貫徹總(zong)體國(guo)(guo)家安全觀，強(qiang)化數(shu)(shu)據安全保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體系建設，把安全貫穿數(shu)(shu)據供給、流通、使用(yong)全過(guo)程，劃定監管(guan)(guan)底(di)線(xian)和紅線(xian)。加強(qiang)數(shu)(shu)據分類分級管(guan)(guan)理，把該管(guan)(guan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)住、該放的(de)放開(kai)，積極有效防范(fan)和化解各種數(shu)(shu)據風險，形成政府監管(guan)(guan)與市場自律(lv)、法(fa)治與行(xing)業自治協同、國(guo)(guo)內與國(guo)(guo)際統籌的(de)數(shu)(shu)據要素(su)治理結構(gou)。

　　——深化開放合作，實現互利(li)共贏。積極參與數據跨境(jing)流動(dong)(dong)國(guo)際規則(ze)制(zhi)定，探索加入區(qu)域性國(guo)際數據跨境(jing)流動(dong)(dong)制(zhi)度安(an)排(pai)。推動(dong)(dong)數據跨境(jing)流動(dong)(dong)雙邊多邊協商，推進建立互利(li)互惠的規則(ze)等(deng)制(zhi)度安(an)排(pai)。鼓勵探索數據跨境(jing)流動(dong)(dong)與合作的新(xin)途徑新(xin)模式。

　　二、建立保障權益、合(he)規使(shi)用的數據產權制度

　　探索建立數(shu)據(ju)(ju)產權(quan)制(zhi)度(du)，推(tui)動數(shu)據(ju)(ju)產權(quan)結構(gou)性分(fen)(fen)置(zhi)和(he)有序流通，結合數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素特性強(qiang)化(hua)高質量數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素供給；在國家數(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)級保(bao)護制(zhi)度(du)下(xia)，推(tui)進(jin)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)級確權(quan)授權(quan)使用和(he)市場(chang)化(hua)流通交易，健全數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素權(quan)益保(bao)護制(zhi)度(du)，逐步形成具(ju)有中國特色的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)產權(quan)制(zhi)度(du)體系。

　　（三）探索數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產權(quan)結(jie)構性(xing)分置(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。建立(li)公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、企業數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、個人數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)分類分級(ji)確(que)權(quan)授權(quan)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。根據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)來源(yuan)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)生成特征，分別界定數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)生產、流通(tong)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中各參與方享有的(de)合法(fa)權(quan)利，建立(li)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)資源(yuan)持有權(quan)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加工(gong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產品經營權(quan)等分置(zhi)的(de)產權(quan)運行(xing)機制(zhi)，推進非公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)按市(shi)場(chang)化方式(shi)(shi)“共(gong)同使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、共(gong)享收益”的(de)新模式(shi)(shi)，為激(ji)活數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要素價值(zhi)創造(zao)和價值(zhi)實(shi)現提供基礎(chu)性(xing)制(zhi)度(du)(du)保障。研(yan)究(jiu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產權(quan)登記新方式(shi)(shi)。在保障安全前提下(xia)，推動數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)者依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)對原始(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進行(xing)開發利用(yong)(yong)，支(zhi)持數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)者依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)行(xing)使(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)應用(yong)(yong)相關權(quan)利，促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)復用(yong)(yong)與充分利用(yong)(yong)，促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)交(jiao)換和市(shi)場(chang)化流通(tong)。審(shen)慎對待原始(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)流轉交(jiao)易行(xing)為。

　　（四）推(tui)進(jin)實施(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)確權授權機制(zhi)。對(dui)各級黨(dang)政(zheng)機關、企事業單(dan)位依法(fa)履職或提(ti)(ti)供(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服務(wu)過程中(zhong)產生的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，加強匯聚共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享和開(kai)(kai)放開(kai)(kai)發，強化統籌授權使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)和管(guan)理(li)(li)，推(tui)進(jin)互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通，打(da)破“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)孤島”。鼓勵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)在保(bao)(bao)護個人隱私和確保(bao)(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)下，按(an)照“原(yuan)始(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)不(bu)出域、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)見”的(de)(de)要求，以(yi)模型、核驗等(deng)產品和服務(wu)等(deng)形式向社(she)會提(ti)(ti)供(gong)，對(dui)不(bu)承(cheng)載個人信息和不(bu)影響(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，推(tui)動(dong)按(an)用(yong)(yong)途加大供(gong)給(gei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍。推(tui)動(dong)用(yong)(yong)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)治(zhi)理(li)(li)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益事業的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)有(you)條件(jian)無償(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，探索用(yong)(yong)于產業發展(zhan)、行(xing)業發展(zhan)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)有(you)條件(jian)有(you)償(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。依法(fa)依規(gui)予以(yi)保(bao)(bao)密的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)不(bu)予開(kai)(kai)放，嚴格管(guan)控未依法(fa)依規(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)直接進(jin)入市(shi)場，保(bao)(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)供(gong)給(gei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利益。

　　（五(wu)）推(tui)動(dong)建立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)確(que)權(quan)(quan)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)機制(zhi)。對各類市場主體在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)經營活動(dong)中采集加工的不涉及個人信息(xi)和(he)公(gong)共(gong)利益(yi)(yi)的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，市場主體享有依(yi)法依(yi)規持有、使(shi)用、獲(huo)取收益(yi)(yi)的權(quan)(quan)益(yi)(yi)，保障(zhang)其投入的勞(lao)動(dong)和(he)其他要素(su)貢獻(xian)獲(huo)得(de)合理(li)回報，加強數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素(su)供給激勵。鼓勵探索企(qi)(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)使(shi)用新模式(shi)，發(fa)(fa)揮國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶(dai)頭作用，引導行業(ye)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)、互聯網平(ping)臺企(qi)(qi)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)揮帶(dai)動(dong)作用，促進與中小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)雙向公(gong)平(ping)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)，共(gong)同合理(li)使(shi)用數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，賦能(neng)中小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉型。支持第(di)三方(fang)機構、中介服務(wu)組織加強數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集和(he)質量(liang)評估標準(zhun)制(zhi)定，推(tui)動(dong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)產(chan)(chan)品標準(zhun)化，發(fa)(fa)展數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)析、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務(wu)等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)。政府(fu)部門履職可依(yi)法依(yi)規獲(huo)取相關企(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)機構數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，但(dan)須約定并(bing)嚴格(ge)遵守使(shi)用限制(zhi)要求(qiu)。

　　（六）建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)確權(quan)(quan)授(shou)權(quan)(quan)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。對承載(zai)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，推動(dong)(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理者按照個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)授(shou)權(quan)(quan)范(fan)(fan)圍依(yi)法依(yi)規采(cai)集(ji)(ji)、持有(you)、托管(guan)和使(shi)用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，規范(fan)(fan)對個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)處(chu)理活動(dong)(dong)，不(bu)得采(cai)取“一(yi)攬子授(shou)權(quan)(quan)”、強制(zhi)(zhi)同意等(deng)方式過度收(shou)集(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，促進(jin)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)合理利用(yong)。探索(suo)由(you)受托者代表個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)利益，監(jian)督(du)市場主(zhu)體對個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)行采(cai)集(ji)(ji)、加工(gong)、使(shi)用(yong)的(de)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。對涉及國家安全(quan)的(de)特殊個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，可(ke)依(yi)法依(yi)規授(shou)權(quan)(quan)有(you)關(guan)單位使(shi)用(yong)。加大個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)保(bao)護力度，推動(dong)(dong)重點行業建(jian)立(li)完善長效(xiao)保(bao)護機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，強化企業主(zhu)體責任，規范(fan)(fan)企業采(cai)集(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)行為。創(chuang)新技術手段，推動(dong)(dong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)匿名化處(chu)理，保(bao)障使(shi)用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)時的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)和個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)隱私。

　　（七）建立健全(quan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)各參與方合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)制度。充(chong)分(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)來源者(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)基于(yu)知情(qing)同意或(huo)存在法(fa)(fa)定事由的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)流通(tong)使用(yong)模式，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)來源者(zhe)(zhe)享有(you)獲取或(huo)復(fu)制轉移(yi)由其(qi)促成產(chan)生數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)對依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)依(yi)(yi)規持有(you)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進行自主(zhu)管控的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。在保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)公共(gong)利(li)益(yi)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安全(quan)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)來源者(zhe)(zhe)合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，承認和保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)依(yi)(yi)照法(fa)(fa)律規定或(huo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同約(yue)定獲取的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，尊重數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)等數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)和其(qi)他要(yao)素(su)貢獻(xian)，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)使用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和獲得收益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)經(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、分(fen)(fen)析等形成數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)或(huo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)衍(yan)生產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營權(quan)(quan)(quan)，依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)依(yi)(yi)規規范數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)許(xu)可他人使用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)或(huo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)衍(yan)生產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)，促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)流通(tong)復(fu)用(yong)。建立健全(quan)基于(yu)法(fa)(fa)律規定或(huo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同約(yue)定流轉數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)相關(guan)財產(chan)性權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)機制。在數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)發生合(he)(he)(he)(he)并、分(fen)(fen)立、解(jie)散、被宣告破(po)產(chan)時(shi)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)相關(guan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)和義務依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)依(yi)(yi)規同步轉移(yi)。

　　三、建立合規高效、場內外結合的數據要素流通和交易制度

　　完善和規范數據流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)規則，構建促進使用(yong)(yong)和流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)、場內(nei)場外相結(jie)合的交易(yi)制度體系，規范引(yin)導場外交易(yi)，培育壯大場內(nei)交易(yi)；有序發展數據跨境流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和交易(yi)，建立數據來源可確(que)認、使用(yong)(yong)范圍可界定、流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過程可追溯、安全風(feng)險(xian)可防范的數據可信(xin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)體系。

　　（八）完善數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)全(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)(liu)程合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)與監管(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)則體(ti)(ti)系。建(jian)立數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)準(zhun)入(ru)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)則，強化(hua)市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)全(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)(liu)程合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)治理(li)，確保流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)來源合(he)法(fa)、隱私(si)保護到位、流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)和(he)交易規(gui)(gui)(gui)范。結合(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)范圍、影響程度(du)、潛在(zai)風險，區分(fen)使(shi)用場(chang)景和(he)用途用量，建(jian)立數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分(fen)類分(fen)級(ji)授(shou)權使(shi)用規(gui)(gui)(gui)范，探索(suo)(suo)開展(zhan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)質量標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)設(she)，加快推進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采集和(he)接口標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)，促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)整合(he)互(hu)通(tong)(tong)和(he)互(hu)操作。支(zhi)持(chi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處理(li)者依法(fa)依規(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)場(chang)內(nei)和(he)場(chang)外采取開放、共享、交換、交易等方(fang)式(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。鼓勵探索(suo)(suo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障技術、標(biao)準(zhun)、方(fang)案(an)。支(zhi)持(chi)探索(suo)(suo)多樣化(hua)、符合(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)要素特性(xing)的定(ding)價(jia)模式(shi)和(he)價(jia)格(ge)形成機制(zhi)(zhi)，推動用于(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)發展(zhan)的公(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)按(an)政府指(zhi)導定(ding)價(jia)有償使(shi)用，企(qi)業(ye)與個人信息(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)市場(chang)自主(zhu)定(ding)價(jia)。加強企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)設(she)和(he)監管(guan)(guan)，嚴厲打擊黑市交易，取締數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)非法(fa)產業(ye)。建(jian)立實施數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)認證制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，引導企(qi)業(ye)通(tong)(tong)過認證提升數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平(ping)。

　　（九）統(tong)籌構(gou)建規(gui)范高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)。加強(qiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)體(ti)系(xi)設(she)計，統(tong)籌優化數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)布局，嚴(yan)控交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量。出臺(tai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)，建立(li)健全(quan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規(gui)則，制(zhi)定(ding)全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、安全(quan)等標準體(ti)系(xi)，降低交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)成(cheng)本。引導(dao)多種類型的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)共(gong)同發(fa)展，突出國(guo)家(jia)級數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)合(he)規(gui)監(jian)管(guan)和(he)基(ji)礎服務功能，強(qiang)化其公(gong)共(gong)屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)公(gong)益定(ding)位(wei)，推(tui)進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)與數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商功能分離，鼓(gu)勵各(ge)類數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商進場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)。規(gui)范各(ge)地區(qu)(qu)各(ge)部門(men)設(she)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域性(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)和(he)行業性(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)，構(gou)建多層次市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)體(ti)系(xi)，推(tui)動(dong)區(qu)(qu)域性(xing)(xing)(xing)、行業性(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)流通使用。促進區(qu)(qu)域性(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)和(he)行業性(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)與國(guo)家(jia)級數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)互(hu)聯互(hu)通。構(gou)建集(ji)約(yue)高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)流通基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)，為(wei)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內集(ji)中(zhong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和(he)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)外分散交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)提(ti)供低成(cheng)本、高(gao)效率、可信賴的(de)(de)(de)流通環(huan)境。

　　（十(shi)）培(pei)育數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素流(liu)通和(he)交易(yi)服務(wu)(wu)生態。圍(wei)繞促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)要素合規高效(xiao)、安全(quan)有序流(liu)通和(he)交易(yi)需要，培(pei)育一批數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商和(he)第(di)(di)三方(fang)專(zhuan)業服務(wu)(wu)機構。通過數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商，為數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)提(ti)供數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)產(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)、發(fa)布、承(cheng)銷和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)資(zi)產(chan)的合規化、標準(zhun)化、增值化服務(wu)(wu)，促進提(ti)高數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交易(yi)效(xiao)率。在(zai)智能制(zhi)造、節能降碳、綠色建造、新能源、智慧城市(shi)等(deng)(deng)重點領域，大力(li)(li)培(pei)育貼近業務(wu)(wu)需求的行(xing)業性、產(chan)業化數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商，鼓勵多種所有制(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)商共同發(fa)展、平等(deng)(deng)競爭。有序培(pei)育數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)集成(cheng)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)經紀、合規認證(zheng)、安全(quan)審計、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)公證(zheng)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)保險、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)托管(guan)、資(zi)產(chan)評估(gu)(gu)、爭議仲裁、風險評估(gu)(gu)、人才(cai)培(pei)訓等(deng)(deng)第(di)(di)三方(fang)專(zhuan)業服務(wu)(wu)機構，提(ti)升數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)流(liu)通和(he)交易(yi)全(quan)流(liu)程服務(wu)(wu)能力(li)(li)。

　　（十一(yi)）構(gou)建(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)合(he)規(gui)有(you)序跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境流(liu)通機制(zhi)。開展數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交互、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)互通、監(jian)管互認(ren)、服務(wu)(wu)共享等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面國(guo)(guo)際(ji)交流(liu)合(he)作，推進(jin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)貿易基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)，以《全(quan)(quan)球數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)倡議》為基(ji)(ji)礎，積極參與(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)流(liu)動(dong)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)、認(ren)證評估、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)貨幣等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)規(gui)則和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)技術標準(zhun)制(zhi)定。堅持(chi)開放(fang)發(fa)展，推動(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境雙向有(you)序流(liu)動(dong)，鼓(gu)勵國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)企(qi)業(ye)及組織依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)開展數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境流(liu)動(dong)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)合(he)作，支持(chi)外(wai)資(zi)依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)進(jin)入開放(fang)領域，推動(dong)形成公(gong)平競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)化(hua)市場。針(zhen)對跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境電(dian)商、跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境支付、供應鏈(lian)管理、服務(wu)(wu)外(wai)包(bao)等(deng)(deng)典型應用(yong)場景，探索(suo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)范的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境流(liu)動(dong)方(fang)式。統籌數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保護，探索(suo)建(jian)立跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分類分級管理機制(zhi)。對影(ying)(ying)響或者可(ke)能影(ying)(ying)響國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境傳輸、外(wai)資(zi)并購等(deng)(deng)活動(dong)依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)進(jin)行(xing)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)審(shen)查(cha)。按照對等(deng)(deng)原(yuan)則，對維(wei)護國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和利(li)益、履行(xing)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)屬于(yu)管制(zhi)物(wu)項的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)實施出口管制(zhi)，保障數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)用(yong)于(yu)合(he)法(fa)(fa)用(yong)途，防范數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)出境安(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)。探索(suo)構(gou)建(jian)多渠道、便利(li)化(hua)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境流(liu)動(dong)監(jian)管機制(zhi)，健全(quan)(quan)多部門(men)協(xie)調配合(he)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境流(liu)動(dong)監(jian)管體(ti)系。反對數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)霸權和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)保護主義(yi)，有(you)效應對數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)領域“長臂管轄”。

　　四、建立體現效(xiao)率、促進公平的數據要(yao)素收(shou)益分配制度(du)

　　順(shun)應(ying)數字產業化(hua)、產業數字化(hua)發展(zhan)趨勢，充(chong)分發揮(hui)市(shi)場(chang)在資源配(pei)(pei)置中(zhong)的決定性作用，更(geng)好發揮(hui)政府作用。完(wan)善(shan)數據(ju)要(yao)素市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)配(pei)(pei)置機制，擴(kuo)大數據(ju)要(yao)素市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)配(pei)(pei)置范圍和按價(jia)值貢(gong)獻參與分配(pei)(pei)渠道。完(wan)善(shan)數據(ju)要(yao)素收(shou)益的再分配(pei)(pei)調節機制，讓全體人民更(geng)好共享數字經(jing)濟發展(zhan)成果。

　　（十二）健(jian)全數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)(yao)素由市場評價(jia)貢(gong)(gong)獻、按(an)貢(gong)(gong)獻決(jue)定報酬(chou)機制(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)(yao)素特征，優化(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)結(jie)構，構建(jian)公(gong)(gong)平、高(gao)效、激勵與規范相結(jie)合(he)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)機制(zhi)。堅持(chi)“兩(liang)個毫(hao)不動搖”，按(an)照“誰(shui)投(tou)入(ru)、誰(shui)貢(gong)(gong)獻、誰(shui)受益(yi)(yi)(yi)”原則，著重(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)(yao)素各(ge)參與方的(de)投(tou)入(ru)產出(chu)收(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)，依(yi)法依(yi)規維護(hu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)資源資產權益(yi)(yi)(yi)，探索個人、企業、公(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)享價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)收(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)方式，建(jian)立健(jian)全更加(jia)合(he)理的(de)市場評價(jia)機制(zhi)，促進勞動者貢(gong)(gong)獻和勞動報酬(chou)相匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)。推動數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)(yao)素收(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)向數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)和使用價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)創(chuang)造(zao)者合(he)理傾(qing)斜，確保(bao)在開發挖掘數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)環節的(de)投(tou)入(ru)有相應(ying)(ying)回報，強化(hua)基于數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)造(zao)和價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)實現的(de)激勵導向。通過(guo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)、提(ti)成(cheng)等(deng)多種收(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)共享方式，平衡(heng)兼顧數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)內容采集、加(jia)工、流通、應(ying)(ying)用等(deng)不同環節相關主體之間的(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)。

　　（十三）更好發揮政(zheng)(zheng)府在數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要素收(shou)(shou)益分(fen)配中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)引導調(diao)節作用。逐步(bu)建立保(bao)(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)平的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要素收(shou)(shou)益分(fen)配體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，更加關注(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共利益和(he)相對(dui)弱勢(shi)群(qun)體(ti)。加大(da)政(zheng)(zheng)府引導調(diao)節力度(du)，探(tan)索建立公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)資(zi)源開(kai)放收(shou)(shou)益合理(li)分(fen)享機制(zhi)(zhi)，允許并鼓勵各類企(qi)業(ye)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)依(yi)(yi)規(gui)依(yi)(yi)托公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)提(ti)供公(gong)(gong)(gong)益服務(wu)。推動(dong)大(da)型數(shu)(shu)據(ju)企(qi)業(ye)積極承擔社(she)會責任，強化對(dui)弱勢(shi)群(qun)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障幫扶，有(you)力有(you)效應對(dui)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉型過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)各類風險挑戰。不(bu)斷健全數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要素市場體(ti)系和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)規(gui)則，防(fang)止和(he)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)依(yi)(yi)規(gui)規(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)本在數(shu)(shu)據(ju)領域(yu)無(wu)序(xu)擴張形(xing)成(cheng)市場壟(long)斷等問題(ti)。統(tong)籌使用多渠道資(zi)金資(zi)源，開(kai)展(zhan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)知(zhi)識普及和(he)教育培訓，提(ti)高社(she)會整體(ti)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)素養，著(zhu)力消除不(bu)同區域(yu)間(jian)、人群(qun)間(jian)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鴻(hong)溝，增(zeng)進(jin)社(she)會公(gong)(gong)(gong)平、保(bao)(bao)障民(min)生福(fu)祉、促進(jin)共同富裕。

　　五、建立安(an)全可控、彈(dan)性(xing)包容的數據要素治理制度

　　把安全貫穿數據(ju)(ju)治(zhi)理全過(guo)程，構建政府、企業、社會多(duo)方(fang)協同的(de)治(zhi)理模式，創新政府治(zhi)理方(fang)式，明確各方(fang)主體責任(ren)和義務，完善行(xing)業自律機制，規范市(shi)場發展秩序，形成(cheng)有效市(shi)場和有為政府相結合的(de)數據(ju)(ju)要素(su)治(zhi)理格局。

　　（十(shi)四）創(chuang)新(xin)政(zheng)府數(shu)(shu)據(ju)治(zhi)理機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府有序引導(dao)和(he)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)發(fa)展的作用(yong)，守住安(an)全底(di)線，明確監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)紅線，打造(zao)安(an)全可信、包容(rong)創(chuang)新(xin)、公(gong)平(ping)開放、監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)有效的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)素(su)市場(chang)環境。強(qiang)化分(fen)行(xing)業(ye)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)和(he)跨行(xing)業(ye)協同監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，建立(li)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)聯管(guan)(guan)聯治(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，建立(li)健全鼓勵創(chuang)新(xin)、包容(rong)創(chuang)新(xin)的容(rong)錯糾錯機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。建立(li)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)素(su)生產流(liu)通(tong)使用(yong)全過(guo)程的合規(gui)(gui)公(gong)證、安(an)全審查(cha)(cha)、算(suan)法(fa)審查(cha)(cha)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)測預警等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，指導(dao)各(ge)方履行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)要(yao)素(su)流(liu)通(tong)安(an)全責(ze)任和(he)義務。建立(li)健全數(shu)(shu)據(ju)流(liu)通(tong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定數(shu)(shu)據(ju)流(liu)通(tong)和(he)交易(yi)(yi)負面清(qing)單，明確不能(neng)交易(yi)(yi)或嚴格限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交易(yi)(yi)的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)項。強(qiang)化反壟斷和(he)反不正當競爭(zheng)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)重點領(ling)域執(zhi)法(fa)司法(fa)，依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)(gui)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)經營者(zhe)集中審查(cha)(cha)，依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)(gui)查(cha)(cha)處壟斷協議、濫用(yong)市場(chang)支配地位(wei)和(he)違(wei)法(fa)實施經營者(zhe)集中行(xing)為，營造(zao)公(gong)平(ping)競爭(zheng)、規(gui)(gui)范(fan)有序的市場(chang)環境。在落(luo)實網(wang)絡(luo)安(an)全等(deng)級保護(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的基礎(chu)上全面加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)安(an)全保護(hu)工作，健全網(wang)絡(luo)和(he)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)安(an)全保護(hu)體系，提升縱深防護(hu)與綜合防御(yu)能(neng)力(li)。

　　（十五）壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)治理責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。堅持(chi)“寬進嚴管”原則，牢固樹立企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的責(ze)(ze)任(ren)意識(shi)和自律意識(shi)。鼓勵企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)積極參與數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素市(shi)場建設，圍繞數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)來源、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)產權、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)質量、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)使用等(deng)(deng)，推行面向數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)商(shang)及第三方專業(ye)服務機構的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)通交(jiao)易(yi)聲明和承諾制(zhi)。嚴格落(luo)實(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)，在數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)集匯(hui)聚(ju)、加工處理、流(liu)通交(jiao)易(yi)、共享利用等(deng)(deng)各環節，推動企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)承擔相(xiang)應責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)應嚴格遵守(shou)反壟斷法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)相(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)，不得(de)利用數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)、算法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)優勢和技術手段(duan)排除(chu)、限制(zhi)競爭(zheng)，實(shi)(shi)施不正當競爭(zheng)。規(gui)范企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)參與政府信(xin)息化建設中的政務數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)安全(quan)(quan)管理，確保有規(gui)可循、有序發展、安全(quan)(quan)可控。建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素登記及披露機制(zhi)，增強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)社(she)會責(ze)(ze)任(ren)，打破“數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)壟斷”，促進公平(ping)競爭(zheng)。

　　（十(shi)六）充(chong)分(fen)發揮社會(hui)力(li)量(liang)多方(fang)參(can)與的協(xie)同治理(li)作用(yong)。鼓勵行業協(xie)會(hui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)社會(hui)力(li)量(liang)積極參(can)與數據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)市場建設，支持開展數據(ju)(ju)(ju)流(liu)通相關安(an)全技(ji)術研發和(he)服務，促(cu)進不同場景下數據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)安(an)全可信(xin)(xin)流(liu)通。建立數據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)體(ti)系，逐步完善數據(ju)(ju)(ju)交(jiao)易失(shi)信(xin)(xin)行為(wei)認定、守信(xin)(xin)激勵、失(shi)信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)戒(jie)、信(xin)(xin)用(yong)修復、異議(yi)處理(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)機制。暢通舉報(bao)投訴和(he)爭議(yi)仲裁渠道，維(wei)護數據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)市場良好秩序。加快推進數據(ju)(ju)(ju)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)力(li)成(cheng)熟度國家標(biao)準及(ji)數據(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)管(guan)理(li)規范貫徹執行工(gong)作，推動各部門各行業完善元數據(ju)(ju)(ju)管(guan)理(li)、數據(ju)(ju)(ju)脫敏(min)、數據(ju)(ju)(ju)質量(liang)、價值評估等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)準體(ti)系。

　　六、保障措施

　　加大統籌推進力度，強化任務(wu)落(luo)實(shi)，創(chuang)新政策支持，鼓(gu)勵有(you)條件的地方和行業(ye)在制(zhi)度建設、技術路徑、發展模式等方面先行先試(shi)，鼓(gu)勵企業(ye)創(chuang)新內部數據合(he)規管理體(ti)系，不斷探索完(wan)善數據基礎制(zhi)度。

　　（十(shi)七）切(qie)實加強(qiang)組織領導。加強(qiang)黨對(dui)構建(jian)數據基礎制度工作(zuo)的(de)全面領導，在黨中(zhong)(zhong)央集中(zhong)(zhong)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)領導下，充分發(fa)揮(hui)數字經濟發(fa)展部(bu)(bu)際聯(lian)席(xi)會(hui)議(yi)作(zuo)用，加強(qiang)整體工作(zuo)統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)，促進跨地區(qu)(qu)跨部(bu)(bu)門跨層級協同聯(lian)動，強(qiang)化督促指導。各(ge)地區(qu)(qu)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)門要高度重視數據基礎制度建(jian)設，統(tong)(tong)一(yi)思想認識，加大改革力度，結(jie)合各(ge)自實際，制定(ding)工作(zuo)舉措(cuo)，細化任務分工，抓好推進落實。

　　（十八(ba)）加(jia)大政(zheng)策支持力(li)度(du)(du)。加(jia)快發展(zhan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要(yao)(yao)素(su)市場，做大做強數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要(yao)(yao)素(su)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業。提(ti)升金融服務水平，引導創業投(tou)資企(qi)(qi)業加(jia)大對數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要(yao)(yao)素(su)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)投(tou)入力(li)度(du)(du)，鼓勵征(zheng)信(xin)機構提(ti)供基于企(qi)(qi)業運營數(shu)據(ju)(ju)等(deng)多種(zhong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)要(yao)(yao)素(su)的(de)多樣化(hua)征(zheng)信(xin)服務，支持實體經(jing)濟企(qi)(qi)業特(te)別是中(zhong)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業數(shu)字化(hua)轉型(xing)賦能(neng)開(kai)展(zhan)信(xin)用(yong)融資。探索數(shu)據(ju)(ju)資產入表(biao)新模(mo)式。

　　（十九）積(ji)極(ji)鼓勵試(shi)驗(yan)探(tan)(tan)索。堅持頂層設(she)計與基層探(tan)(tan)索結合，支持浙江等地(di)區(qu)和(he)有條件的(de)行業、企(qi)業先(xian)行先(xian)試(shi)，發揮好(hao)自(zi)由(you)貿易港、自(zi)由(you)貿易試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)等高(gao)水平開放平臺作(zuo)用(yong)，引導企(qi)業和(he)科研機構推動數據(ju)(ju)要素相(xiang)關技術和(he)產業應用(yong)創新。采用(yong)“揭榜(bang)掛(gua)帥”方式(shi)，支持有條件的(de)部門、行業加快突破數據(ju)(ju)可(ke)信流通、安(an)全(quan)(quan)治(zhi)理等關鍵技術，建立創新容錯機制(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)索完善數據(ju)(ju)要素產權、定價(jia)、流通、交易、使用(yong)、分配、治(zhi)理、安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)政策標準和(he)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)，更好(hao)發揮數據(ju)(ju)要素的(de)積(ji)極(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)。

　　（二十）穩步推進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建(jian)(jian)設。圍(wei)繞構建(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)基礎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，逐步完善(shan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)界定(ding)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)流通和交易、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)(su)收(shou)益分配(pei)、公(gong)共數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)授權(quan)(quan)使(shi)用、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)交易場(chang)所建(jian)(jian)設、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)治理(li)等主要(yao)領域關(guan)(guan)鍵環節的政策及標準(zhun)。加強(qiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)(su)市場(chang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建(jian)(jian)設、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)(su)價格形成機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)素(su)(su)收(shou)益分配(pei)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)跨境傳輸、爭議解(jie)決等理(li)論研究和立法研究，推動(dong)完善(shan)相關(guan)(guan)法律(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。及時(shi)總(zong)結提煉可復(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可推廣(guang)的經驗和做法，以點帶面推動(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)基礎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)構建(jian)(jian)實(shi)現(xian)新(xin)突破。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經濟(ji)發展部際聯席會議定(ding)期對(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)基礎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建(jian)(jian)設情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)評估，適時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)動(dong)態調整，推動(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)基礎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)不(bu)斷豐富完善(shan)。