新(xin)(xin)華社北京8月26日電 非共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)項目是指在科技創新(xin)(xin)活動中，因(yin)其創新(xin)(xin)性、顛覆性的理念(nian)而與現(xian)有知識(shi)體系和(he)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)不(bu)一致的項目。《中共(gong)(gong)(gong)中央關于進一步全面深化改(gai)革(ge)、推(tui)(tui)進中國式(shi)現(xian)代化的決定(ding)》提出：“建立(li)專家實名推(tui)(tui)薦的非共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)項目篩選機制。”這一重(zhong)要(yao)改(gai)革(ge)舉措為(wei)非共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)性創新(xin)(xin)提供(gong)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的支持模式(shi)和(he)路(lu)徑，體現(xian)了(le)(le)對原始創新(xin)(xin)、顛覆性創新(xin)(xin)的重(zhong)視，對于鼓勵科研人員大膽(dan)探索、挑戰未(wei)知、促進原始創新(xin)(xin)和(he)顛覆性創新(xin)(xin)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意義(yi)。

　　第一，深(shen)刻理解非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性(xing)(xing)。習近平總書(shu)記強(qiang)調：“必(bi)須(xu)加強(qiang)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)特別是原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)性(xing)(xing)、顛(dian)覆性(xing)(xing)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，加快實現高水平科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)自立自強(qiang)，打好關鍵核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術攻堅戰(zhan)(zhan)，使原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)性(xing)(xing)、顛(dian)覆性(xing)(xing)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)成果競相涌現，培(pei)育發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)質生產力的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動能(neng)。”非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、風險高、難(nan)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別、爭議大(da)(da)(da)，挑(tiao)戰(zhan)(zhan)現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi)(shi)體系、標準和規(gui)則，蘊藏著重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)思(si)維和原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)性(xing)(xing)、顛(dian)覆性(xing)(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機(ji)遇，可(ke)能(neng)帶(dai)來科(ke)(ke)學技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)發(fa)現、重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)突破，從而促進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)質生產力的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。隨著我國科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升，我們將迎來更多“從0到1”的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)成果，原(yuan)始(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)在(zai)我國科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)，這意味著會出現更多非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。因(yin)此(ci)，建立非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)篩選(xuan)機(ji)制是我國科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)要求(qiu)。要看到，非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)研究難(nan)度(du)大(da)(da)(da)、不確定性(xing)(xing)高、可(ke)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別性(xing)(xing)不強(qiang)、失敗風險較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，在(zai)同(tong)行(xing)評(ping)議中(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)會引起(qi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分歧，難(nan)以通(tong)過常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)行(xing)專家評(ping)審程序達(da)成有效(xiao)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)，通(tong)常較(jiao)難(nan)獲得研究資助，必(bi)須(xu)采取符合非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)選(xuan)方式。因(yin)此(ci)，建立非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)篩選(xuan)機(ji)制勢在(zai)必(bi)行(xing)。

　　第二，發(fa)揮專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)實(shi)名(ming)(ming)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。習近平(ping)(ping)總書記(ji)強調(diao)：“在項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)評(ping)(ping)價上，要(yao)建立(li)健全符合科(ke)研(yan)(yan)活(huo)動規(gui)(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)價制(zhi)度，完(wan)善自由探索型和(he)任(ren)(ren)務導向(xiang)型科(ke)技(ji)(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)分類(lei)評(ping)(ping)價制(zhi)度，建立(li)非(fei)共識科(ke)技(ji)(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)價機(ji)制(zhi)。”專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)實(shi)名(ming)(ming)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)共識項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)篩選機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)符合非(fei)共識項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種評(ping)(ping)價機(ji)制(zhi)。采用專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)實(shi)名(ming)(ming)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)，不(bu)(bu)問出處、不(bu)(bu)設門檻、不(bu)(bu)唯申請者(zhe)過往業績，更加(jia)有(you)(you)利于打破(po)常規(gui)(gui)、識別人(ren)(ren)才。實(shi)名(ming)(ming)制(zhi)有(you)(you)利于發(fa)揮專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)影(ying)響力，激勵評(ping)(ping)審(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)揮伯樂作用，也有(you)(you)利于強化(hua)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，對專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)行為形(xing)成約束，避免項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)因個(ge)人(ren)(ren)動機(ji)而出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)和(he)投(tou)機(ji)行為，降低(di)(di)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)風險。要(yao)發(fa)揮好這(zhe)一(yi)機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，一(yi)是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)要(yao)有(you)(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)感。在推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)時出以公(gong)心，以對科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)負責(ze)、對國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)展負責(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度，推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)出真正具有(you)(you)原(yuan)創性、顛覆(fu)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。二是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)要(yao)有(you)(you)獨到眼光。深刻把(ba)握未(wei)來方(fang)向(xiang)，能(neng)(neng)夠洞悉非(fei)共識項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行性和(he)巨大創新(xin)機(ji)遇。三(san)是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)薦(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)創新(xin)意識。堅(jian)持(chi)源頭創新(xin)，破(po)除(chu)跟隨(sui)思想，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)以國(guo)(guo)外有(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)類(lei)似研(yan)(yan)究、有(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)先例、是(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)際熱點等作為評(ping)(ping)判標(biao)準，而應建立(li)鼓勵重大原(yuan)始創新(xin)和(he)顛覆(fu)性創新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維觀念(nian)和(he)評(ping)(ping)價導向(xiang)，引導我國(guo)(guo)科(ke)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)勇(yong)闖“無人(ren)(ren)區”，突破(po)現有(you)(you)科(ke)學技(ji)(ji)術理論框架，加(jia)快原(yuan)始創新(xin)和(he)顛覆(fu)性創新(xin)。

　　第(di)三，建立科(ke)學(xue)有效的(de)監管(guan)、評(ping)價(jia)和(he)全(quan)過(guo)程責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)制度。強化(hua)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)評(ping)審，建立權(quan)責(ze)(ze)一致的(de)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)機(ji)制，既要充(chong)分發揮專家個人在整(zheng)個非共(gong)識(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實施過(guo)程中的(de)主觀能動(dong)性，也要壓(ya)實責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，避免人情圈子、學(xue)術壟(long)斷等對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)遴選帶來的(de)負(fu)面影(ying)響，增(zeng)加篩(shai)選的(de)透明(ming)度和(he)可信度。建立激勵(li)機(ji)制，鼓勵(li)科(ke)學(xue)家在評(ping)價(jia)活動(dong)中堅持真理(li)、勇于(yu)創新(xin)。另外(wai)，對非共(gong)識(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)管(guan)理(li)，科(ke)研管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門(men)要建立體系(xi)化(hua)制度，完善(shan)資助方式，形(xing)成適應(ying)非共(gong)識(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開展研發活動(dong)的(de)制度保障。