作者 中央(yang)黨校(xiao)（國家行政學(xue)院）政法部(bu) 民商經濟法室主任、教授 王偉

　　近期，中共(gong)中央辦公廳、國務院辦公廳印(yin)發《關于依(yi)法從嚴打(da)擊證券違法活動(dong)的(de)意見》。其中，在“加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)資(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)的(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)體系建(jian)設”部分，《意見》從“夯(hang)實資(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)誠信(xin)(xin)建(jian)設制度基礎”“建(jian)立健(jian)全信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)承諾(nuo)制度”“強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)資(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)誠信(xin)(xin)監管”三(san)方(fang)面(mian)給出(chu)了(le)指導(dao)意見，為我(wo)國資(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)設進一(yi)步指明(ming)了(le)方(fang)向。筆者認(ren)為，我(wo)國資(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)設應把握四(si)個關鍵：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)的(de)價值引領。二(er)是(shi)(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)有效傳導(dao)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)失信(xin)(xin)聯合懲戒。四(si)是(shi)(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)的(de)社會共(gong)治。

　　不斷創新資本市場信用監管體系

　　資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是資(zi)金(jin)供給方(fang)、資(zi)金(jin)需求(qiu)方(fang)等進行(xing)直接(jie)或(huo)間接(jie)融資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，是一個需要(yao)最大(da)誠信(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。當前(qian)，我(wo)國(guo)已(yi)經構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)更加(jia)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)法(fa)治(zhi)體(ti)系，但IPO、“老鼠倉”等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)違(wei)法(fa)背(bei)信(xin)行(xing)為仍然(ran)屢禁不止。《中國(guo)企業信(xin)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)報告2018—2019》專門對上市(shi)(shi)公司信(xin)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成就與問題進行(xing)了(le)(le)提(ti)煉(lian)、歸納和分(fen)析，并指出(chu)了(le)(le)相(xiang)關部(bu)門重點查辦(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)類資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規(gui)案(an)件：嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重損害上市(shi)(shi)公司利益，損害中小股東合法(fa)權益的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)件；嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重積聚(ju)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風險，危害市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)平穩運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規(gui)案(an)件；嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重破壞(huai)公平交易(yi)原則，影(ying)響市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)功(gong)能發揮(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)件；嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重擾亂信(xin)息傳(chuan)播(bo)秩序，惡意制(zhi)造市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)恐慌(huang)情緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)件。此外，債券違(wei)約(yue)、網絡借貸(dai)等領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題也較突(tu)出(chu)。根據國(guo)家社會信(xin)用(yong)(yong)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)要(yao)求(qiu)和部(bu)署，厲行(xing)法(fa)治(zhi)，加(jia)強資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，已(yi)經成為我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)高標準市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容。

　　我國(guo)在資(zi)本(ben)市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)體系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)面不(bu)斷努力，已經取(qu)得了(le)顯著成效(xiao)。中國(guo)證監會早在2012年(nian)就發(fa)布了(le)《證券(quan)(quan)期(qi)貨市場誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)監督管理暫行辦法》，這是我國(guo)第一(yi)部專(zhuan)門圍繞資(zi)本(ben)市場誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)監管制定的(de)部門規(gui)章，也是證券(quan)(quan)期(qi)貨市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)體系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)重要里程碑，對于(yu)完善資(zi)本(ben)市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)體系(xi)(xi)發(fa)揮了(le)重要作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。2020年(nian)修(xiu)訂實施的(de)《證券(quan)(quan)期(qi)貨市場誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)監督管理辦法》結合中國(guo)資(zi)本(ben)市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)現實問題(ti)，構建(jian)(jian)了(le)一(yi)套嶄新的(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)監管體系(xi)(xi)。當前，資(zi)本(ben)市場信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)監管體系(xi)(xi)還需要結合新發(fa)展格局的(de)要求不(bu)斷創新，塑造(zao)“風清氣(qi)正”、誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)守法的(de)資(zi)本(ben)市場體系(xi)(xi)。

　　把握四個關鍵

　　結合前(qian)述中辦(ban)、國辦(ban)印(yin)發的(de)(de)《意見》中對(dui)加(jia)強資本市場信用(yong)體系建設的(de)(de)要求，以及2020年12月國務(wu)院辦(ban)公廳(ting)印(yin)發的(de)(de)《關于進一(yi)步完(wan)善失(shi)信約束制度構建誠信建設長效(xiao)機制的(de)(de)指導意見》所(suo)確立的(de)(de)信用(yong)建設法治(zhi)化新起點、新境界和新思維，筆者認為，我國資本市場信用(yong)建設應當把握(wo)四個關鍵： 

　　一(yi)是強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)引領(ling)。在資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，關注(zhu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)、誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)守法等重要(yao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀念(nian)(nian)，注(zhu)重發揮其引領(ling)和指導(dao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，將誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實守信(xin)(xin)真正鍛造為(wei)(wei)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)自覺價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)追(zhui)求(qiu)。誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)是中(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)的(de)(de)傳統美德，在中(zhong)華(hua)文明的(de)(de)浩瀚(han)歷史(shi)中(zhong)源遠流長。“一(yi)言(yan)既出，駟馬難(nan)追(zhui)”“言(yan)必(bi)信(xin)(xin)，行必(bi)果”“童叟無(wu)欺”等誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)觀念(nian)(nian)深入(ru)人(ren)心，已然成為(wei)(wei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)成員的(de)(de)安身立命之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。在現代社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)，由(you)于社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)分(fen)工高度精(jing)細化(hua)(hua)，社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)成員之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)必(bi)須基于信(xin)(xin)任才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效開(kai)展合作，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟只有(you)(you)以(yi)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)基礎才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)穩步發展，誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性更加(jia)凸顯。加(jia)強(qiang)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)也因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)推進國家治理(li)現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)重要(yao)內容。資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)要(yao)求(qiu)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公司、投資(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)、中(zhong)介機(ji)構等各種主體(ti)(ti)真正樹(shu)立誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)興商、合規治企的(de)(de)觀念(nian)(nian)。要(yao)以(yi)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)、社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)期(qi)待為(wei)(wei)基礎，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)法律強(qiang)制(zhi)、道德教化(hua)(hua)、社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)譴(qian)責等方(fang)式，構建(jian)(jian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽機(ji)制(zhi)，完善(shan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，最終強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)引領(ling)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 

　　二(er)是強化信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)。作為(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟社會(hui)治理(li)最為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)制是信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)提。進行(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，必須(xu)以(yi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎和(he)(he)源(yuan)頭。資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)要(yao)求(qiu)通(tong)過信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)緩(huan)和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)供給方、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金需(xu)求(qiu)方以(yi)及監(jian)管(guan)部門、被監(jian)管(guan)對(dui)象之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)。當前(qian)(qian)(qian)，資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)開(kai)披露等機(ji)制，已極大(da)地促進了信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)對(dui)稱(cheng)性，促進了主體(ti)誠(cheng)實守信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。但是，在(zai)專門的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)機(ji)制方面，仍然(ran)有(you)(you)必要(yao)進一(yi)步發展和(he)(he)創新。資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)要(yao)求(qiu)建(jian)(jian)立統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)檔(dang)案，實現(xian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所需(xu)重要(yao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)記錄，并(bing)在(zai)此基(ji)礎上促進信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。通(tong)過資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)間及資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主體(ti)和(he)(he)監(jian)管(guan)部門之(zhi)(zhi)間對(dui)于信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，提供市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)活動(dong)及其(qi)監(jian)管(guan)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，緩(huan)和(he)(he)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者與(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金需(xu)求(qiu)方之(zhi)(zhi)間、監(jian)管(guan)部門與(yu)監(jian)管(guan)對(dui)象之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)，使相(xiang)關主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)決策和(he)(he)活動(dong)建(jian)(jian)立在(zai)必要(yao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，使行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)更(geng)(geng)加理(li)性。當前(qian)(qian)(qian)，我國正在(zai)構建(jian)(jian)以(yi)數(shu)字經(jing)濟、數(shu)字政府、數(shu)字社會(hui)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)“數(shu)字中國”，充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)互(hu)聯網、大(da)數(shu)據、人(ren)工智能、區塊鏈等技術搭(da)建(jian)(jian)、完善資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)檔(dang)案、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)平臺以(yi)及信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)機(ji)制，加強智慧(hui)監(jian)管(guan)，更(geng)(geng)加精準地發現(xian)違(wei)法失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，鼓(gu)勵誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)守法的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，是我們這個時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)鮮明(ming)特征(zheng)和(he)(he)必然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)。由此，資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)也必須(xu)著眼(yan)于資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)，構建(jian)(jian)涵(han)蓋(gai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)采集、歸集、共(gong)享(xiang)、公(gong)開(kai)、查詢(xun)、利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)機(ji)制。 

　　三(san)是(shi)強(qiang)化失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)聯合(he)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)。對違法失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)加強(qiang)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保障，有利于樹立責任(ren)意識，切(qie)實(shi)維(wei)護公平(ping)正(zheng)義。資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)領域的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)交易等(deng)(deng)(deng)活動，往往涉及普遍的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)公眾利益(yi)，相(xiang)關市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主體(ti)、中(zhong)介機(ji)構等(deng)(deng)(deng)理應承擔更重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)誠信(xin)(xin)責任(ren)。失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)者受到懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)，符(fu)合(he)公平(ping)正(zheng)義的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)觀念，符(fu)合(he)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)法治(zhi)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)要(yao)求。完善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)應當包括行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)、行(xing)(xing)業性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)、社會(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)類型。這(zhe)四(si)種懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)各不相(xiang)同。行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)公權(quan)力(li)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)則，行(xing)(xing)業性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)行(xing)(xing)業自律規(gui)則，社會(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)公眾參與和公益(yi)訴訟(song)等(deng)(deng)(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)度。資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)針對不同的(de)(de)(de)違法失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)情形，注重(zhong)發揮不同懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，在相(xiang)應主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)準(zhun)入、再融資(zi)(zi)、稅收優惠、政(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)、獲得土地等(deng)(deng)(deng)方面依法實(shi)施合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)和制(zhi)(zhi)約。針對嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，還要(yao)進(jin)一步完善(shan)(shan)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)“黑名(ming)單”制(zhi)(zhi)度，明確失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)主體(ti)列入“黑名(ming)單”的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)、程(cheng)序等(deng)(deng)(deng)，保障失(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)預期(qi)效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現。

　　四(si)是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。法(fa)(fa)律社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)學(xue)(xue)認為，通過法(fa)(fa)律實(shi)(shi)施有效(xiao)的(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，需要(yao)引入多(duo)元(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)體，同(tong)時發揮國家“硬法(fa)(fa)”與(yu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)規范等(deng)“軟法(fa)(fa)”的(de)(de)優勢，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)軟硬法(fa)(fa)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。資(zi)本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，基(ji)本導向(xiang)是(shi)誠實(shi)(shi)守信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)秩序，基(ji)本路(lu)徑是(shi)加強(qiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，構建(jian)(jian)多(duo)元(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)體參(can)與(yu)、多(duo)元(yuan)手段并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理根據，這就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)求監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門不僅要(yao)借助于正式的(de)(de)立(li)法(fa)(fa)規范實(shi)(shi)施有效(xiao)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，也需要(yao)依(yi)靠非正式的(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)強(qiang)化(hua)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督和社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。法(fa)(fa)律社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)立(li)場(chang)告誡我們，如(ru)果不重(zhong)視非正式的(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，就(jiu)(jiu)可能會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)(xian)一個法(fa)(fa)律更(geng)多(duo)但秩序更(geng)少的(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)。當前，形成多(duo)元(yuan)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理格局(ju)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)通過企業自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、行業自律、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督、政府(fu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)。其中，企業自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)首要(yao)前提，是(shi)資(zi)本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。除(chu)了(le)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)公(gong)司治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理、內控合(he)規、風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理等(deng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，還(huan)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)企業信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)風險(xian)應(ying)(ying)對機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；在深入推進“放(fang)管(guan)(guan)服”改革的(de)(de)背(bei)景下(xia)，完(wan)善信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)承諾機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為強(qiang)化(hua)事中和事后監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)提供依(yi)據。行業協會(hui)(hui)在信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中應(ying)(ying)當發揮更(geng)加積極的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，進一步建(jian)(jian)立(li)行業協會(hui)(hui)（商(shang)會(hui)(hui)）的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，構建(jian)(jian)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)行業信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)評價機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、守信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)激(ji)勵、失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)戒乃(nai)至于失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)“黑名單”等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，充分實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)行業自律規范的(de)(de)效(xiao)果和作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。加強(qiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)參(can)與(yu)和社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督，更(geng)加注重(zhong)加強(qiang)新聞媒體的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，暢通投訴舉報渠道，完(wan)善懲(cheng)罰性賠償金制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，完(wan)善資(zi)本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)公(gong)益訴訟等(deng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)有效(xiao)動(dong)員社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量參(can)與(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。