10月17日(ri)是我國第(di)六個“扶貧(pin)日(ri)”。同(tong)時，2019年，“保險+期貨(huo)”連續第(di)四年被寫入中(zhong)央(yang)一號文(wen)件。實踐證明，利用期貨(huo)市場優勢(shi)做好精準扶貧(pin)工作，不僅(jin)是金(jin)融市場探索出(chu)支(zhi)持三農(nong)(nong)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)農(nong)(nong)業供(gong)給(gei)側改革(ge)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)模式(shi)，也(ye)是期貨(huo)行業服(fu)(fu)務(wu)國家攻堅戰略、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)實體經濟的(de)重(zhong)要抓手(shou)。與(yu)此同(tong)時，面對模式(shi)運作過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)不足和(he)(he)困(kun)難(nan)，建議及時出(chu)臺措施，以進一步發揮行業專業優勢(shi)，助力(li)國家扶貧(pin)戰略的(de)順利實施。

　　“保險+期貨”效果顯著(zhu)

　　“保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)”服務“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”的(de)基本模式是(shi)：保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)基于期(qi)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)上相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)期(qi)貨(huo)價(jia)格和所投(tou)保(bao)地區的(de)產量(liang)數據，開(kai)發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)收入(ru)險(xian)(xian)(xian)；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民或(huo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業企業通(tong)過(guo)購買保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)收入(ru)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，規避相(xiang)應(ying)價(jia)格風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)及(ji)產量(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，確保(bao)收益；保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)通(tong)過(guo)購買期(qi)貨(huo)公(gong)司(si)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)子(zi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)場(chang)外看跌期(qi)權產品(pin)以(yi)及(ji)通(tong)過(guo)自身農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)產量(liang)再保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)渠道進(jin)行(xing)(xing)再保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，以(yi)對沖農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)價(jia)格下降和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)減產可(ke)能(neng)帶來的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)；期(qi)貨(huo)公(gong)司(si)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)子(zi)公(gong)司(si)在期(qi)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)復制看跌期(qi)權操(cao)作，進(jin)一(yi)步分散(san)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，最終形成風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分散(san)、各方受益的(de)閉環。

　　相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)數據顯示，2016年-2018年，鄭(zheng)州(zhou)商品(pin)交易所共(gong)在(zai)棉花(hua)、白(bai)糖、蘋果(guo)三個(ge)(ge)品(pin)種相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)完成了(le)66個(ge)(ge)“保險(xian)+期貨(huo)”試(shi)點(dian)項(xiang)目（2018年在(zai)廣西(xi)羅城縣(xian)首次(ci)開展白(bai)糖“保險(xian)+期貨(huo)”縣(xian)域全覆(fu)蓋(gai)試(shi)點(dian)項(xiang)目），累計投入資金約(yue)6800萬(wan)元，承(cheng)保現貨(huo)規模(mo)約(yue)34.62萬(wan)噸，惠及7.3萬(wan)余戶農戶。2019年，鄭(zheng)商所以全覆(fu)蓋(gai)試(shi)點(dian)建設(she)為(wei)重點(dian)，在(zai)白(bai)糖和蘋果(guo)品(pin)種主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)開展了(le)4個(ge)(ge)全覆(fu)蓋(gai)試(shi)點(dian)項(xiang)目（廣西(xi)、云南兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)白(bai)糖主(zhu)(zhu)產省(sheng)以及陜西(xi)、甘肅兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)蘋果(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)產省(sheng)各1個(ge)(ge)），在(zai)紅棗品(pin)種主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)開展了(le)5個(ge)(ge)小規模(mo)試(shi)點(dian)項(xiang)目，同時積極(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)配合和支持新疆建設(she)兵團(tuan)開展棉花(hua)“保險(xian)+期貨(huo)”試(shi)點(dian)建設(she)。

　　鄭(zheng)商(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)相關負(fu)責人向(xiang)記者介紹，自開(kai)展“保險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)”試點(dian)(dian)(dian)工作以來(lai)(lai)，鄭(zheng)商(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)堅持(chi)優先(xian)在(zai)符(fu)合條件的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)地區進行試點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原則，持(chi)續加大對(dui)(dui)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)地區試點(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力度，并(bing)積極鼓勵引導(dao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)承辦單位在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實施過程中將符(fu)合條件的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)農戶(hu)作為(wei)優先(xian)服務對(dui)(dui)象。2016年(nian)-2018年(nian)完成的(de)(de)66個試點(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中，有43個位于(yu)國家級貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)縣，涉及32個國家級貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)縣，為(wei)2.56萬余戶(hu)建檔立卡貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)戶(hu)提(ti)供了(le)基于(yu)期(qi)貨(huo)市場的(de)(de)價格風險(xian)保障。鄭(zheng)商(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)對(dui)(dui)43個項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)支(zhi)持(chi)資金(jin)共計4780萬元，占(zhan)2016年(nian)-2018年(nian)“保險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)”試點(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)支(zhi)持(chi)資金(jin)的(de)(de)71%。2016年(nian)以來(lai)(lai)鄭(zheng)商(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)試點(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)賠(pei)付率不斷提(ti)升(sheng)，2018年(nian)試點(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)平均賠(pei)付率達72.23%，比2017年(nian)提(ti)高了(le)近39個百分點(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　經過(guo)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)的(de)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)建(jian)設，鄭商所“保(bao)險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)(shi)點(dian)的(de)示范帶動效應(ying)取(qu)得明顯成(cheng)效。棉花品種(zhong)上(shang)，新疆維(wei)吾(wu)爾(er)自(zi)治區自(zi)2018年(nian)(nian)起(qi)開始(shi)在(zai)新疆部分棉花主產縣(xian)實施“保(bao)險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)(shi)點(dian)，2019年(nian)(nian)新疆建(jian)設兵(bing)團(tuan)和(he)(he)內地棉花主產省山(shan)東省也開始(shi)積極探索“保(bao)險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)(shi)點(dian)；蘋果和(he)(he)紅(hong)棗(zao)品種(zhong)上(shang)，保(bao)險(xian)公司和(he)(he)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)公司自(zi)發組織開展“保(bao)險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)(shi)點(dian)項目也日益增多。

　　大(da)(da)連(lian)商(shang)品交易所(suo)理事長(chang)李正強(qiang)向記者(zhe)介紹，2018年(nian)，大(da)(da)商(shang)所(suo)預算(suan)3億元(yuan)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)支持(chi)資金，推出了涵(han)蓋(gai)(gai)“保(bao)險(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)”、場外期(qi)權、“期(qi)貨(huo)價格+升(sheng)貼水”收(shou)購(gou)等多(duo)種(zhong)形式，保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司、期(qi)貨(huo)公(gong)司、商(shang)業(ye)銀行、證券公(gong)司、龍頭企業(ye)等多(duo)類型機構(gou)共同參與，覆蓋(gai)(gai)種(zhong)植、養殖(zhi)兩(liang)個(ge)行業(ye)的(de)“農民(min)收(shou)入(ru)保(bao)障計劃”試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。試(shi)點(dian)(dian)在黑、吉、遼、蒙、京、津、皖(wan)、豫、冀、渝、川、陜、甘(gan)、魯、蘇、湘等16個(ge)省（區、市）開展了106個(ge)項目(mu)，覆蓋(gai)(gai)玉米(mi)240.97萬噸、大(da)(da)豆28.71萬噸、雞蛋(dan)8.4萬噸，土(tu)地639.51萬畝(mu)，服務(wu)了580個(ge)合(he)作社和15.28萬個(ge)農戶。其中(zhong)，在黑龍江省樺川縣(xian)實(shi)(shi)現了24萬噸玉米(mi)全覆蓋(gai)(gai)，在內蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區莫力達(da)瓦達(da)斡爾族自(zi)治(zhi)旗(qi)實(shi)(shi)現了11.7萬噸大(da)(da)豆的(de)集中(zhong)連(lian)片覆蓋(gai)(gai)，引入(ru)的(de)中(zhong)儲糧、北(bei)大(da)(da)荒、吉林云天化等28家龍頭企業(ye)通過基差貿易收(shou)購(gou)農民(min)糧食近60萬噸，實(shi)(shi)現了良好的(de)綜合(he)效益。

　　106個(ge)(ge)(ge)項目中，31個(ge)(ge)(ge)玉米價格(ge)險(xian)的(de)(de)賠付率(lv)(lv)為14.05%，34個(ge)(ge)(ge)玉米收(shou)入(ru)險(xian)的(de)(de)賠付率(lv)(lv)為98.82%；9個(ge)(ge)(ge)大豆(dou)價格(ge)險(xian)的(de)(de)賠付率(lv)(lv)為88.09%，12個(ge)(ge)(ge)大豆(dou)收(shou)入(ru)險(xian)的(de)(de)賠付率(lv)(lv)為145.03%。收(shou)入(ru)險(xian)賠付率(lv)(lv)顯(xian)著(zhu)高于(yu)傳統的(de)(de)價格(ge)險(xian)，進(jin)一步提(ti)高了(le)對(dui)農民的(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)保(bao)障(zhang)。

　　今(jin)年(nian)7月，記者在云南省孟連縣調研白糖(tang)“保(bao)險(xian)+期貨”項(xiang)目時，當(dang)地(di)芒信(xin)鎮(zhen)芒卡(ka)老(lao)寨少(shao)數民族農(nong)民巖戈就(jiu)給記者仔細算(suan)了一本賬。今(jin)年(nian)41歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)巖戈家共有30畝(mu)農(nong)田，其中24畝(mu)甘蔗、6畝(mu)玉米，全年(nian)毛收(shou)入7萬元(yuan)(yuan)左右，扣除(chu)4萬元(yuan)(yuan)左右的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)投入，凈收(shou)入3萬多(duo)(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)，在當(dang)地(di)屬于(yu)中等(deng)收(shou)入水平(ping)。他家4口(kou)人，大孩子19歲(sui)，小的(de)(de)(de)13歲(sui)，需要生活費(fei)和學費(fei)，因此日子過(guo)得并不寬裕。目前2018年(nian)“保(bao)險(xian)+期貨”項(xiang)目賠(pei)付(fu)金(jin)已經到位(wei)，24畝(mu)（100噸）的(de)(de)(de)甘蔗地(di)全部(bu)參保(bao)，賠(pei)付(fu)款1500元(yuan)(yuan)（合15元(yuan)(yuan)/噸）。盡管金(jin)額不多(duo)(duo)，但也稍微緩解了家庭壓(ya)力，他期望未來賠(pei)付(fu)比例能進一步提(ti)高。

　　可持續性有待增(zeng)強

　　從三(san)年來的試點實(shi)踐情況來看，“保險(xian)+期貨”起到了保障農民種植收益的效果，但模式(shi)的可持續性仍有待(dai)增強。

　　鄭商(shang)所相關負責人認為，首先(xian)，財政(zheng)(zheng)介(jie)入“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)還不高(gao)。從試(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)屬性(xing)來(lai)看，國(guo)內外農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)歷史經(jing)驗(yan)證明，純商(shang)業化的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)模(mo)式難以持(chi)(chi)續(xu)，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)提供保(bao)(bao)(bao)費補(bu)(bu)貼是農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)可持(chi)(chi)續(xu)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)必要條件。我(wo)國(guo)中央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)策性(xing)農(nong)(nong)險(xian)(xian)中，一般各級財政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)(bu)貼保(bao)(bao)(bao)費的(de)(de)80%，農(nong)(nong)戶繳納20%；各省(sheng)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新型農(nong)(nong)險(xian)(xian)中，財政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)(bu)貼比例基本在(zai)60%-80%。“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期貨(huo)(huo)”雖然連(lian)續(xu)四年寫(xie)入中央(yang)一號文件，但各部委(wei)并未(wei)出(chu)臺支持(chi)(chi)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)點(dian)(dian)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)具體(ti)辦法和(he)措施。經(jing)過幾(ji)年試(shi)點(dian)(dian)建設的(de)(de)推(tui)廣和(he)宣傳，新疆、山東等部分地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主動介(jie)入試(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)明顯提高(gao)，但總體(ti)來(lai)看，多數地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期貨(huo)(huo)”的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)仍普遍不高(gao)。

　　今年7月份記者在調研中(zhong)也獲悉，“保(bao)險+期貨”最大(da)的問(wen)題就是(shi)資金(jin)來源。在云南省保(bao)山市龍(long)陵縣(xian)、孟(meng)連縣(xian)和(he)廣西羅城仫佬族(zu)自治縣(xian)三地的項目實施(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)，鄭州(zhou)商(shang)品交易所貢獻了絕大(da)部分資金(jin)。

　　其次，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)主體對“保(bao)(bao)險+期(qi)貨(huo)”的(de)接受和參與(yu)(yu)程度還有待提升(sheng)。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)主體主動參與(yu)(yu)并自愿繳(jiao)納(na)(na)部分保(bao)(bao)費，是保(bao)(bao)證試(shi)點可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)開展(zhan)的(de)重要(yao)內在因素(su)。經過三年的(de)試(shi)點實踐(jian)，試(shi)點地(di)區農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)主體對“保(bao)(bao)險+期(qi)貨(huo)”的(de)作用和積極(ji)效果(guo)有了一(yi)定認知(zhi)，但繳(jiao)納(na)(na)保(bao)(bao)費的(de)積極(ji)性仍然偏低(di)。從試(shi)點的(de)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)開展(zhan)角度來看，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)主體不(bu)(bu)繳(jiao)納(na)(na)任何保(bao)(bao)費，既不(bu)(bu)利于保(bao)(bao)障其參與(yu)(yu)感(gan)，又(you)不(bu)(bu)利于使其表達(da)出真正的(de)風(feng)險管理需求，促進保(bao)(bao)險產品的(de)優化完善。

　　大地(di)期(qi)(qi)貨是云南(nan)省孟連縣“保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)(qi)貨”的(de)(de)主要(yao)參與方(fang)。其總經理鄭潔認為，推(tui)廣(guang)“保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)(qi)貨”模式的(de)(de)核(he)心思想在于符合WTO關于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)由(you)“黃箱”轉(zhuan)“綠箱”的(de)(de)要(yao)求，即由(you)政(zheng)府直接(jie)補(bu)貼(tie)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)向為農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)補(bu)貼(tie)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)費的(de)(de)形式轉(zhuan)變，逐漸將“保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)(qi)貨”或者(zhe)說(shuo)價格(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)納入中(zhong)央和地(di)方(fang)財(cai)政(zheng)中(zhong)對于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)常規(gui)補(bu)貼(tie)范圍之內。同時，也引(yin)導農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)將價格(ge)險(xian)(xian)類(lei)比災害損失險(xian)(xian)等傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)險(xian)(xian)品種一樣，自(zi)己承擔一部分。最終形成(cheng)政(zheng)府財(cai)政(zheng)補(bu)助與農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產者(zhe)分攤的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)費結(jie)構(gou)，從而達到常規(gui)化、持(chi)續性的(de)(de)效果。

　　第(di)三，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構在(zai)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”試(shi)點(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)角色有待深入(ru)(ru)。“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”本質上是(shi)一種(zhong)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)品，試(shi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持續(xu)開展需要保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)和保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主管機(ji)構更(geng)加積(ji)極主動(dong)介入(ru)(ru)。當前(qian)試(shi)點(dian)建設中(zhong)(zhong)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)往(wang)往(wang)在(zai)試(shi)點(dian)項目中(zhong)(zhong)僅起到了(le)通道作(zuo)用，角色較為被(bei)動(dong)，一般保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)匯聚安排者的(de)(de)(de)主動(dong)性在(zai)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”模(mo)式中(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有充分體現。另外(wai)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主管機(ji)構對“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”的(de)(de)(de)重視不夠，沒(mei)有出臺專門針對包(bao)括“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)性農險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)指導意見(jian)和相關規(gui)范(fan)，在(zai)支持鼓勵和規(gui)范(fan)發(fa)展“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”業(ye)務(wu)方面缺(que)少有力舉(ju)措。

　　鄭潔向記者表(biao)示，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)機構要大(da)力(li)探索和推動(dong)商業性保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)項目(mu)，推動(dong)價格險(xian)(xian)、收入險(xian)(xian)逐步(bu)納入到(dao)地方風險(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障體系(xi)中，使其(qi)具(ju)有持續性和長遠發展的空間，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)成(cheng)為幫(bang)助農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶規避生產經營風險(xian)(xian)、穩定地方農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產的保(bao)(bao)(bao)障手段。不僅限于傳(chuan)統(tong)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”模(mo)式，大(da)膽嘗試(shi)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)+訂單(dan)”、“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)+銀行+訂單(dan)”等模(mo)式，引(yin)入銀行信(xin)貸、現貨(huo)(huo)企業訂單(dan)等因(yin)素，豐富“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)”模(mo)式內涵，切實解決(jue)扶(fu)貧類試(shi)點(dian)項目(mu)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產者面臨的價格風險(xian)(xian)、融(rong)資難題、市場銷售等問題，更(geng)好(hao)的服務(wu)試(shi)點(dian)項目(mu)中扶(fu)貧要旨。

　　最后(hou)，參保(bao)(bao)(bao)農戶(hu)、基層(ceng)政府(fu)工(gong)作人員(yuan)以及(ji)相關(guan)主(zhu)體(ti)對“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)+期貨”的(de)(de)正確認識還有(you)待加強。“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)+期貨”本(ben)質上是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)，是(shi)通(tong)過繳納保(bao)(bao)(bao)費來保(bao)(bao)(bao)障在市場不利行情時可以彌補(bu)價(jia)格下跌造成的(de)(de)損失(shi)。但相當一部(bu)分(fen)參保(bao)(bao)(bao)農戶(hu)，甚至是(shi)基層(ceng)政府(fu)工(gong)作人員(yuan)，普(pu)遍存在只要參保(bao)(bao)(bao)了，不管(guan)(guan)市場價(jia)格下跌還是(shi)上漲，有(you)沒有(you)實際(ji)損失(shi)，都必須獲得賠償的(de)(de)錯誤認識傾向。長遠來看(kan)，只有(you)越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)參保(bao)(bao)(bao)農戶(hu)和主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)樹立起正確的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)理念，才能(neng)夠(gou)夯實“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)+期貨”試(shi)點持續開展并(bing)得以廣泛推廣的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)基礎。

　　三方面深化試(shi)點項目

　　相關人士認(ren)為，“保險+期貨”模式要(yao)在全(quan)國范圍內惠及更(geng)為廣泛的農(nong)民群(qun)體，還需(xu)要(yao)從國家層(ceng)面進行統籌規劃，凝(ning)聚(ju)政府和(he)金融市場等各方力量，將(jiang)財政補貼與商業化運作相結合(he)。

　　一是建(jian)議(yi)推動中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)對“保(bao)險+期貨(huo)”試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)提(ti)供(gong)保(bao)費補貼(tie)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)市(shi)場(chang)機構，交易所的(de)力(li)量有(you)限，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一項(xiang)重要(yao)農(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險項(xiang)目和(he)符合(he)WTO規則的(de)有(you)益(yi)嘗(chang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)資(zi)金(jin)提(ti)供(gong)保(bao)費補貼(tie)，才能更好的(de)擴大(da)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)。建(jian)議(yi)借鑒美國“聯(lian)邦政(zheng)府補貼(tie)為(wei)(wei)主、農(nong)場(chang)主自(zi)繳為(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)經驗，對“保(bao)險+期貨(huo)”試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)費采取(qu)由中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)補貼(tie)為(wei)(wei)主、農(nong)民自(zi)繳為(wei)(wei)輔的(de)形式。2018年8月，財(cai)政(zheng)部、農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部、銀保(bao)監會聯(lian)合(he)發布《關于開展三大(da)糧(liang)食作(zuo)物完全成本(ben)保(bao)險和(he)收(shou)(shou)入保(bao)險試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)通知》，在內蒙古(gu)、遼寧各選(xuan)擇2個縣(xian)開展玉米收(shou)(shou)入保(bao)險試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)，這是“保(bao)險+期貨(huo)”試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)取(qu)得(de)的(de)重大(da)突破，但是真正要(yao)形成可復制(zhi)推廣的(de)模式，還(huan)需要(yao)推動中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)進(jin)一步加大(da)投(tou)入。

　　二是建(jian)議(yi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)為“保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨”業(ye)務(wu)(wu)提供(gong)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)服務(wu)(wu)。建(jian)議(yi)推動國(guo)家(jia)相關部(bu)委和(he)機構充分借(jie)鑒國(guo)際成熟(shu)經驗，結合中國(guo)國(guo)情，引導保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)為農產品“保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)+期(qi)貨”相關保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)提供(gong)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)支持，推動試點運行更(geng)加便利、深入。

　　三是建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)支持(chi)期(qi)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)加(jia)快(kuai)發展、提供(gong)更多風險管理工具。建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)加(jia)快(kuai)上市(shi)更多農產(chan)品(pin)期(qi)貨(huo)和(he)期(qi)權(quan)品(pin)種，豐富“保(bao)險+期(qi)貨(huo)”的風險轉移渠道(dao)與工具；加(jia)強場(chang)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang)建(jian)(jian)設，允許開展場(chang)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang)中央清算服務，構建(jian)(jian)多層次商品(pin)衍生品(pin)市(shi)場(chang)體系；建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)銀(yin)行(xing)以更優惠(hui)的條件提供(gong)融資(zi)服務；同時，建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)落實(shi)稅收(shou)、準入等(deng)優惠(hui)政策(ce)，鼓勵支持(chi)保(bao)險、期(qi)貨(huo)、銀(yin)行(xing)、證券等(deng)更多金融機構利用(yong)期(qi)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)服務農業風險管理。