在近(jin)期(qi)開展的“保(bao)險(xian)(xian)機構(gou)資(zi)金(jin)運(yun)用違(wei)規問題(ti)自查(cha)自糾和(he)風險(xian)(xian)排(pai)查(cha)”中，保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)存(cun)在的不同程(cheng)度問題(ti)得以顯現。近(jin)日，銀保(bao)監會向各保(bao)險(xian)(xian)機構(gou)通報了目前(qian)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)運(yun)用領域存(cun)在的八(ba)大問題(ti)。

　　報告報送存在兩大問題

　　在此次自(zi)(zi)查中，銀保(bao)(bao)監會發現，大部分保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)均能按要求(qiu)認(ren)真(zhen)開展自(zi)(zi)查，按時報(bao)(bao)送自(zi)(zi)查報(bao)(bao)告。但也有(you)少數保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)重視(shi)程度不(bu)夠，有(you)的(de)(de)未(wei)按時報(bao)(bao)送自(zi)(zi)查報(bao)(bao)告；有(you)的(de)(de)未(wei)認(ren)真(zhen)開展自(zi)(zi)查，報(bao)(bao)告零問題和風(feng)險(xian)；有(you)的(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)告要素(su)不(bu)全，存(cun)在明顯遺(yi)漏(lou)。

　　報(bao)告報(bao)送方面，銀(yin)保監(jian)會直指兩大問題(ti)。

　　一是未(wei)按時提交自(zi)查報告。東(dong)方人壽、和諧(xie)健康(kang)險等未(wei)提交自(zi)查報告。易安財險等超過期限報送(song)自(zi)查報告。

　　二是自查(cha)報(bao)告存(cun)在遺漏。中郵人(ren)壽報(bao)告零問(wen)題(ti)和(he)零風(feng)險，與監(jian)管(guan)(guan)掌握的情況不符；華匯人(ren)壽、 鼎誠人(ren)壽等未報(bao)送(song)存(cun)在的資金運用超監(jian)管(guan)(guan)比例問(wen)題(ti)及原因，存(cun)在明顯遺漏；中銀三星(xing)人(ren)壽、新華養老、華海(hai)財(cai)險、 燕趙財(cai)險、安心(xin)財(cai)險等自查(cha)報(bao)表(biao)項目未填寫問(wen)題(ti)金額(e)。

　　投資范圍和比例均超紅線

　　根據通報，部分保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司“三(san)會(hui)一層”（股(gu)東大會(hui)、董事會(hui)、監事及高級管(guan)理層）設(she)置不(bu)規范(fan)。比(bi)如，74家保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司未(wei)按監管(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)設(she)立(li)首席(xi)投資官，9家保(bao)(bao)險(xian)資管(guan)公(gong)(gong)司獨(du)立(li)董事設(she)置不(bu)符合(he)監管(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)。此外(wai)，關鍵(jian)部門缺失，內部控(kong)制薄弱，4家財險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司未(wei)設(she)置保(bao)(bao)險(xian)資產管(guan)理部門，4家保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司未(wei)開(kai)展資金運用內部稽核，或未(wei)對資金運用內控(kong)情況開(kai)展外(wai)部審計。 

　　甚(shen)至有(you)個別保險(xian)公司控股股東(dong)通過操控股東(dong)大會或董事會、設立投資顧問委員會等方式，繞開“三(san)會一層”，違(wei)法違(wei)規干預保險(xian)資金運用(yong)工作，監督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)明顯失衡。 

　　在(zai)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)實操層(ceng)面(mian)，仍有(you)保(bao)險(xian)機構(gou)鋌而(er)走(zou)險(xian)。一是超監(jian)管(guan)規定范圍投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)。6家保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)不(bu)具備(bei)相應(ying)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)力(li)情(qing)況下，直(zhi)接開展不(bu)動產或(huo)金融產品投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)，個別(bie)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)境外(wai)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)品種(zhong)超出監(jian)管(guan)規定范圍。二(er)是投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)資(zi)產比例不(bu)符合監(jian)管(guan)要求。個別(bie)保(bao)險(xian)集(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)司(si)存在(zai)對(dui)非金融企業或(huo)境外(wai)主(zhu)體投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)超監(jian)管(guan)比例的情(qing)形(xing)。 

　　此外(wai)，3家保(bao)險公司存在通過發送投(tou)資(zi)(zi)建議、事前(qian)書面(mian)同意等方式干擾受托人(ren)正(zheng)常履職的情(qing)況。還有26家保(bao)險機構未(wei)將(jiang)包(bao)括(kuo)銀行(xing)存款在內(nei)的各(ge)項投(tou)資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)全部(bu)實行(xing)第三方托管。個(ge)別保(bao)險公司存量“內(nei)保(bao)外(wai)貸”業(ye)務在擔保(bao)主體(ti)、資(zi)(zi)金(jin)用途、杠桿比例等方面(mian)不(bu)符合監管要求(qiu)。 

　　仍有存量通道業務

　　此外，銀保監會還在排查中發現，仍(reng)有(you)保險公司違規開展資金運用關聯(lian)交易。

　　具(ju)體(ti)來(lai)看，9家(jia)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)資(zi)金運用(yong)關(guan)聯(lian)交(jiao)易投(tou)資(zi)規(gui)模和比例(li)不符合監管要求；4家(jia)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金通過集合資(zi)金信(xin)托計劃、股權(quan)投(tou)資(zi)基金、非(fei)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)類子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)等渠道違(wei)規(gui)流(liu)入關(guan)聯(lian)方；有(you)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)違(wei)規(gui)為(wei)關(guan)聯(lian)方提供(gong)質押融資(zi)或擔保(bao)，個別保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)銀行(xing)存款為(wei)境外(wai)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)提供(gong)擔保(bao)；5家(jia)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)項(xiang)目資(zi)金被關(guan)聯(lian)方在(zai)合同約定用(yong)途以外(wai)使用(yong)，本金及(ji)收(shou)益未進行(xing)及(ji)時確認和清(qing)收(shou)；在(zai)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)屬不清(qing)情況下支(zhi)付關(guan)聯(lian)方款項(xiang)，3家(jia)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)購(gou)買的(de)關(guan)聯(lian)方不動(dong)產(chan)(chan)等資(zi)產(chan)(chan)長期未辦理過戶。 

　　與此同時，有部分保險(xian)(xian)機(ji)構的(de)投資(zi)品種面臨(lin)一定(ding)的(de)信用風險(xian)(xian)或兌付困難(nan)。比如，有的(de)保險(xian)(xian)機(ji)構投資(zi)的(de)未上(shang)市(shi)股權、不(bu)動產項(xiang)目(mu)和股權基(ji)金，存在無法(fa)按合(he)同約定(ding)退出或兌付、未按期清(qing)盤等情(qing)況。 

　　另類投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)領域也(ye)存(cun)在一定的(de)風險隱患。個別保(bao)(bao)險機構開展重(zhong)大股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)未使用(yong)自有資(zi)(zi)金，有的(de)對子(zi)公(gong)司(si)增資(zi)(zi)未履行(xing)審批程序(xu)；7家保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)不(bu)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)項(xiang)目存(cun)在股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)代持，或(huo)者(zhe)相關權(quan)(quan)利到(dao)期未收回的(de)情(qing)形；5家保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)設立的(de)不(bu)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)項(xiang)目公(gong)司(si)存(cun)在投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金被挪用(yong)、對外開展股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)、向保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)股(gu)(gu)東借款超(chao)過監(jian)管要求等情(qing)況(kuang)；11家保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)的(de)不(bu)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)項(xiang)目未按合(he)同約(yue)定期限(xian)開工(gong)建設，或(huo)以所投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)不(bu)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)提(ti)供抵押(ya)擔保(bao)(bao)；5家保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)的(de)保(bao)(bao)險資(zi)(zi)金通(tong)過直接投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)或(huo)金融(rong)產(chan)(chan)品投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)方(fang)式(shi)，違規流入房(fang)地(di)產(chan)(chan)領域。 

　　保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)管(guan)(guan)產品仍有存量通(tong)道業(ye)務。4家(jia)保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)管(guan)(guan)公(gong)司通(tong)過發行通(tong)道性質組合(he)類(lei)產品，為保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司規(gui)避關(guan)聯交易監管(guan)(guan)提(ti)供便利；個別保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)管(guan)(guan)公(gong)司讓渡(du)主動管(guan)(guan)理(li)職(zhi)責，由(you)投資(zi)者或(huo)委托(tuo)人進行投資(zi)決策；個別保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)管(guan)(guan)公(gong)司為其他金融機構規(gui)避同業(ye)業(ye)務監管(guan)(guan)提(ti)供通(tong)道服務。

　　監管將加大檢查力度

　　銀(yin)保監會表示，此次風(feng)險(xian)排查(cha)專(zhuan)項整治工作是監管全面掌握保險(xian)資(zi)金(jin)運(yun)用狀況(kuang)，摸清行(xing)業風(feng)險(xian)底數的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)措施。部分(fen)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)未按時完整提交自(zi)查(cha)報(bao)(bao)告，說(shuo)明公(gong)(gong)司(si)內部管理(li)不(bu)嚴，合規意(yi)識不(bu)強。被點名通報(bao)(bao)的(de)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)認真(zhen)整改，再次開展自(zi)查(cha)，并于9月底前(qian)重(zhong)新(xin)報(bao)(bao)送自(zi)查(cha)報(bao)(bao)告。

　　下一步，銀保(bao)監會將(jiang)加大非(fei)現(xian)場監管和現(xian)場檢(jian)查(cha)力度，對于自查(cha)報告(gao)依(yi)(yi)舊不符合要求的，以及整(zheng)改不到位的保(bao)險(xian)機構，將(jiang)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)釆取限制保(bao)險(xian)資金(jin)運用形(xing)式(shi)與比例(li)，責令調整(zheng)相關(guan)(guan)高管人員等有關(guan)(guan)監管措施(shi)。