日前有媒體(ti)報道,在老百(bai)姓(xing)熟悉的“五(wu)險(xian)(xian)一(yi)金(jin)”基(ji)礎上(shang)又增加了補充醫療保(bao)險(xian)(xian)和企業年金(jin),變(bian)成(cheng)了“六(liu)險(xian)(xian)二金(jin)”。但是(shi),看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)工資條,不少人發現(xian)繳納的還是(shi)“五(wu)險(xian)(xian)一(yi)金(jin)”,這(zhe)是(shi)怎么回事?
記者了解到,這其(qi)中存(cun)在一(yi)些誤解。所謂的新(xin)增“一(yi)險(xian)一(yi)金”就其(qi)項目(mu)而言早已存(cun)在,但(dan)一(yi)直不(bu)屬(shu)于用(yong)工單位必須給員工繳納的社會保險(xian),與(yu)“五險(xian)一(yi)金”有明顯(xian)區別。
通常(chang)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)“五險(xian)(xian)一金”,指基本(ben)養(yang)老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、基本(ben)醫(yi)(yi)療保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、失業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、生育保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)住房公(gong)積金。五險(xian)(xian)是我國(guo)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)主要組成。2010年通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)《社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)法(fa)》規(gui)定,“國(guo)家建立基本(ben)養(yang)老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、基本(ben)醫(yi)(yi)療保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、失業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、生育保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障公(gong)民在年老、疾病、工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)、失業、生育等情(qing)況下依法(fa)從國(guo)家和(he)(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)獲得物質幫助的(de)(de)(de)權利。”人力資源和(he)(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障部(bu)有關負責同志解釋(shi)說,社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)具有國(guo)家干預和(he)(he)主導的(de)(de)(de)特點,這是社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)不(bu)同于商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)重要方面,即社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)具有強制(zhi)(zhi)性,通過(guo)立法(fa)強制(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)人單位和(he)(he)個人參加(jia),并由政(zheng)府(fu)參與社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)組織和(he)(he)運(yun)作,對社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作進行監(jian)督。換言之(zhi),如果用(yong)人單位不(bu)給(gei)符合(he)條件的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)繳納法(fa)定的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian),在《社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)法(fa)》實(shi)施(shi)后已屬于違法(fa)行為(wei)。目前,我國(guo)基本(ben)醫(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)13億(yi)人,全民參保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)基本(ben)實(shi)現(xian);基本(ben)養(yang)老覆(fu)蓋(gai)約9億(yi)人,法(fa)定人群(qun)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率(lv)超過(guo)九成。
基(ji)(ji)本養老(lao)(lao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險和(he)基(ji)(ji)本醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)險之所(suo)以加“基(ji)(ji)本”二字,是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)除此之外,我國養老(lao)(lao)和(he)醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)還(huan)有補(bu)充性保(bao)(bao)(bao)險,養老(lao)(lao)方面(mian)(mian)主要是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin)和(he)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin),醫療方面(mian)(mian)包括補(bu)充醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)險等(deng)等(deng)。這些補(bu)充性社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)險項目是(shi)國家鼓勵的(de),但不(bu)是(shi)強(qiang)制性的(de),也不(bu)是(shi)覆蓋全體(ti)公民(min)的(de)。以企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)例,我國于2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)起開始實(shi)施《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin)試行辦(ban)法》,截至2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)末,全國已有7.63萬戶企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立(li)了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin),參加職(zhi)工人(ren)數(shu)2325萬人(ren),年(nian)(nian)(nian)末企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)累計結存(cun)11075億元。最近,人(ren)社部、財政部正式印發了(le)《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)(jin)辦(ban)法》,將于今年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)1日起施行。
黨的(de)(de)十九大報告提(ti)出了(le)“全面建(jian)成(cheng)覆蓋(gai)全民、城(cheng)鄉統籌、權責(ze)清晰、保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)適度(du)、可持(chi)續的(de)(de)多層次(ci)(ci)社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)”發展(zhan)目(mu)標。人(ren)(ren)社(she)(she)部有關負責(ze)同(tong)志就此解(jie)釋說,全面建(jian)成(cheng)多層次(ci)(ci)社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi),在組(zu)織方式上,堅持(chi)以(yi)政府(fu)為(wei)主體(ti),積極發揮市場作用,促進(jin)(jin)社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)與補充(chong)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、商業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)相銜接(jie)。今后將(jiang)積極構建(jian)基本養(yang)老保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、職業(ye)(ye)(企業(ye)(ye))年(nian)金與個人(ren)(ren)儲蓄性(xing)養(yang)老保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、商業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)相銜接(jie)的(de)(de)養(yang)老保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)體(ti)系(xi),協(xie)同(tong)推進(jin)(jin)基本醫療保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、大病保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、補充(chong)醫療保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、商業(ye)(ye)健(jian)康保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),在保(bao)(bao)基本的(de)(de)基礎上滿足人(ren)(ren)民群眾多樣化多層次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)需求。從中不難看出,國家鼓勵用人(ren)(ren)單位為(wei)職工繳(jiao)納(na)補充(chong)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)進(jin)(jin)一步提(ti)高職工保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平,用人(ren)(ren)單位也可借(jie)此提(ti)高對人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)吸引力(li),但目(mu)前這(zhe)類(lei)補充(chong)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)不具(ju)有法定強制(zhi)性(xing)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)聲明(ming):凡(fan)本(ben)網(wang)(wang)注明(ming)“來(lai)源:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)券報·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)”的所(suo)有作(zuo)品,版權(quan)均屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)券報、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)券報·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)作(zuo)品作(zuo)者(zhe)聯合聲明(ming),任(ren)何組織未經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)券報、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)以及作(zuo)者(zhe)書面授權(quan)不(bu)得轉(zhuan)(zhuan)載、摘編(bian)或(huo)利(li)用其(qi)(qi)它方(fang)式使用上述(shu)作(zuo)品。凡(fan)本(ben)網(wang)(wang)注明(ming)來(lai)源非(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)券報·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)網(wang)(wang)的作(zuo)品,均轉(zhuan)(zhuan)載自(zi)其(qi)(qi)它媒體,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)載目的在(zai)于更(geng)好服務讀者(zhe)、傳(chuan)遞信息(xi)之需(xu),并(bing)不(bu)代表本(ben)網(wang)(wang)贊同其(qi)(qi)觀點,本(ben)網(wang)(wang)亦不(bu)對其(qi)(qi)真實性負責,持異議者(zhe)應與(yu)原(yuan)出(chu)處單位主張權(quan)利(li)。
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