今年全國兩會，全國政協委員、陜西建工集團黨委書記、董事長張義光建議，應保障農民工勞動所得和社會福利，促進農民工向建筑產業工人轉型升級。

　　推進建筑工人職業化建設

　　“目前，建(jian)筑(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人面(mian)臨工(gong)作臨時(shi)性強、流動性大、作業(ye)(ye)時(shi)間長、老齡化嚴重、文化程度低、技能培訓不足(zu)等(deng)現實問(wen)題，嚴重制約了建(jian)筑(zhu)行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。”張義光認為，要實現建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)必須造就一支有理想、守信(xin)念、懂技術(shu)、會創新、敢(gan)擔當、講(jiang)奉獻的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人隊伍。

　　他(ta)建(jian)(jian)議推進(jin)勞務(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)升(sheng)級，大力(li)發展(zhan)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。整(zheng)合(he)、優化建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)隊(dui)伍(wu)及勞務(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，逐(zhu)漸由低(di)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)力(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、數量(liang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)向高(gao)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、知識型(xing)(xing)(xing)轉變。培(pei)養勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)軍人(ren)物，鼓勵與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)長期穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)關系，進(jin)而不斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)。同時(shi)，引導小微勞務(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)班組向專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)發展(zhan)，促進(jin)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成為建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)用工(gong)主體(ti)，進(jin)一步促進(jin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)素質發展(zhan)，實現企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)質增效(xiao)。探索(suo)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)關系，把經驗豐富、技術(shu)精湛(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)工(gong)吸(xi)納到企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)相對穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)核心技術(shu)工(gong)人(ren)隊(dui)伍(wu)。推進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化建(jian)(jian)設，切實加快培(pei)育建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所需的(de)(de)(de)新時(shi)期產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)隊(dui)伍(wu)。

　　他還建議完(wan)善農(nong)民工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)支付(fu)長效保障(zhang)機制(zhi)，推進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設領域(yu)農(nong)民工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)專用賬戶、實名(ming)制(zhi)管理、工(gong)(gong)資(zi)保證金等制(zhi)度(du)的規范化與標準化。

　　此外，他在提案中還建議探(tan)索解(jie)決(jue)(jue)農民(min)工社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險繳(jiao)納的(de)資(zi)金來(lai)源，研究適應農民(min)工實際(ji)的(de)養老、醫療、失(shi)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障機制(zhi)，制(zhi)定適合農民(min)工實際(ji)的(de)公積金繳(jiao)納長效機制(zhi)，解(jie)決(jue)(jue)農民(min)工進城務工的(de)后顧(gu)之(zhi)憂。著(zhu)力解(jie)決(jue)(jue)農民(min)工在招錄就業(ye)(ye)、社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障、子女就學等(deng)方面的(de)現(xian)實問題。

　　在張義光看來，弘(hong)揚工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠精(jing)神，營造學技能(neng)、重(zhong)技能(neng)的良好氛圍(wei)，也是促進農(nong)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)向建筑產業工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)轉型的重(zhong)要(yao)舉措。他建議，在推動(dong)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)職(zhi)業化道路上，也要(yao)加強技能(neng)人(ren)員教育培(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的統籌管理，完善建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)技能(neng)培(pei)訓(xun)組織實施體系(xi)，制定建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)職(zhi)業技能(neng)標(biao)準和(he)評價規范。

　　加大農村環境整治

　　近年(nian)來，鄉(xiang)村(cun)環境(jing)治理面貌(mao)得到(dao)一定改變，但(dan)農(nong)村(cun)垃圾(ji)的(de)無害化處(chu)理和(he)污水治理沒有得到(dao)有效解決，垃圾(ji)處(chu)理只是簡(jian)單的(de)集(ji)中掩(yan)埋，農(nong)村(cun)污水處(chu)理設施缺失，污水無處(chu)排放。

　　對(dui)此，張(zhang)義光(guang)提(ti)出(chu)三點建(jian)議：一是(shi)(shi)根據實際情況，采(cai)取集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)、家庭(ting)式(shi)或分(fen)散式(shi)處(chu)理。一定規(gui)模的自然村建(jian)立小型污(wu)水收集(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)理站，確保污(wu)水能得以集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)有效處(chu)理。二是(shi)(shi)提(ti)高(gao)環保意識，加(jia)強垃圾分(fen)類在農(nong)村推廣，對(dui)收集(ji)(ji)(ji)的垃圾集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)學處(chu)置，避免簡單掩埋(mai)造成(cheng)(cheng)二次污(wu)染。三是(shi)(shi)農(nong)村經濟(ji)基礎薄弱，依(yi)靠(kao)農(nong)民繳納的費用杯(bei)水車薪，建(jian)議加(jia)大(da)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)，采(cai)取集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)、分(fen)批實施辦(ban)法，建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)一批環境(jing)治理示(shi)范村，實現(xian)逐步擴(kuo)大(da)覆蓋。

　　同時，應做好(hao)已建成(cheng)扶貧(pin)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)后期管(guan)理維護工作(zuo)。近年(nian)來，在扶貧(pin)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資金和政策的(de)(de)大(da)力支持下，建成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)大(da)批(pi)農(nong)村基礎(chu)設(she)施，有力地改善了(le)貧(pin)困地區的(de)(de)面(mian)貌。但建成(cheng)后，由于(yu)缺乏建立(li)有效的(de)(de)維護運(yun)營機制(zhi)，造成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)些新修鄉村道路無(wu)人管(guan)護，使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命大(da)大(da)縮短。一(yi)(yi)些農(nong)村飲水、灌(guan)溉設(she)施缺乏日(ri)常管(guan)護。因此，應堅持建設(she)和維護并重，保障維護經費，建立(li)長效機制(zhi)，讓造福農(nong)民的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)長久(jiu)發揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。