新華網北京5月26日電(秦雪璠) 近日,全國人(ren)大代(dai)表(biao)、中國人(ren)民銀(yin)行武漢分行黨委書記(ji)、行長王玉玲在接受新華網采訪時表(biao)示破解企業融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難題必(bi)須兼顧平(ping)復短期(qi)沖擊和長期(qi)機(ji)制建設(she);要實(shi)現長江經濟帶綠色(se)可持續發展,需(xu)要對“堵(du)”污染保(bao)持必(bi)要的信貸(dai)投入,更需(xu)要把主要精力轉(zhuan)向優化綠色(se)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)結構;建立金(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構有(you)序處置機(ji)制是打好(hao)防范化解金(jin)融(rong)(rong)風(feng)險攻(gong)堅(jian)戰役的重要環(huan)節(jie)。
區分融資困難與經營困難 支持企業正常經營
今年以(yi)來,面對(dui)疫情和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)下行的疊加影(ying)響(xiang),金融(rong)(rong)(rong)部(bu)門對(dui)實體經(jing)濟(ji)提供了更大(da)力度(du)的支持(chi)。在流(liu)動性總量充裕的情況(kuang)下,企業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)難(nan)問(wen)題仍然凸(tu)顯,其中既(ji)有近期疫情沖擊(ji)的影(ying)響(xiang),也是經(jing)濟(ji)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系(xi)結(jie)構性矛盾的反映,一些(xie)企業(ye)難(nan)以(yi)達到(dao)貸(dai)款條(tiao)件,單一化(hua)(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)產(chan)品難(nan)以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)企業(ye)的多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)、個性化(hua)(hua)需要(yao)。為(wei)此,王玉(yu)玲提出如下建議(yi):
在制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)產能過剩(sheng)的(de)大背景和疫情(qing)短期沖(chong)擊下,推(tui)進供給側結構性改革來破解企業(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)難(nan)問題,必須(xu)兼顧平復短期沖(chong)擊和長期機制(zhi)建設,注重(zhong)“四個區(qu)(qu)分(fen)”:一是區(qu)(qu)分(fen)前景企業(ye)(ye)與僵尸企業(ye)(ye),切實滿足有(you)效融資(zi)(zi)需求;二是區(qu)(qu)分(fen)疫情(qing)風險(xian)與道德風險(xian),避免搭(da)政策(ce)便車;三是區(qu)(qu)分(fen)融資(zi)(zi)困難(nan)與經(jing)營(ying)困難(nan),支持企業(ye)(ye)正常(chang)(chang)經(jing)營(ying);四是區(qu)(qu)分(fen)正常(chang)(chang)溢價(jia)與不當收費,發揮好利率的(de)價(jia)格信號(hao)作用。在此(ci)基礎(chu)上,完善相關(guan)政策(ce)。
第一,增(zeng)強金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務的(de)異質性。圍繞優化間(jian)(jian)接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)直接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)結構,健全多(duo)元化、多(duo)層(ceng)次金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務主體和(he)(he)(he)(he)市(shi)場體系(xi),提升金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)支持(chi)精準度。間(jian)(jian)接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)方面,組建由(you)地方政(zheng)府獨(du)資(zi)(zi)或(huo)控股(gu)的(de)區域性政(zheng)策(ce)性銀(yin)行,允許(xu)吸收(shou)少量存款(kuan),專門針對(dui)種(zhong)子期(qi)、初(chu)創期(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)成長期(qi)的(de)中小微企業(ye),提供不以盈利為(wei)(wei)主要目的(de)、具有政(zheng)策(ce)扶持(chi)性質的(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)服(fu)務。推行面向小微和(he)(he)(he)(he)民營企業(ye)的(de)“主辦行”制度,由(you)銀(yin)行深耕(geng)特(te)定(ding)行業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)企業(ye),建立長期(qi)緊(jin)密合作關系(xi),實時動態把握(wo)企業(ye)經營脈搏,避免多(duo)家銀(yin)行對(dui)同一客戶重復(fu)審貸(dai)、多(duo)頭借貸(dai)。對(dui)中小金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構,加大資(zi)(zi)本補充、不良資(zi)(zi)產處置(zhi)力(li)度,完善公司治理(li)、強化功能定(ding)位,增(zeng)強信(xin)貸(dai)服(fu)務能力(li)。直接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)方面,鼓勵創新介于優先級債券(quan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)股(gu)權融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)類夾層(ceng)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)形式(shi)。積極發展(zhan)包括IPO、種(zhong)子基金(jin)、天(tian)使基金(jin)、VC和(he)(he)(he)(he)私募股(gu)權基金(jin)的(de)廣義股(gu)權市(shi)場,滿足不同類型(xing)、不同階(jie)段企業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)需求。支持(chi)發展(zhan)垃圾債市(shi)場,專門為(wei)(wei)信(xin)用等級較(jiao)低的(de)公司發行債券(quan)。
第二,增(zeng)強財(cai)稅金(jin)融(rong)的(de)聯動性。發揮市場(chang)和(he)政(zheng)府兩只(zhi)手(shou)作用,一(yi)(yi)是設(she)立具有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規模的(de)國家專項保(bao)(bao)障基金(jin),專門為難以滿足貸款條件的(de)小微和(he)民營(ying)企業提供擔保(bao)(bao)。二是整合地方(fang)各類(lei)財(cai)政(zheng)增(zeng)信資(zi)金(jin)建立“資(zi)金(jin)池(chi)”,在貸款風險補償、應(ying)急(ji)轉貸、財(cai)政(zheng)貼息、增(zeng)量獎勵(li)等方(fang)面(mian)集中管理,放大(da)資(zi)金(jin)運用的(de)協同效(xiao)應(ying)。三是鼓勵(li)政(zheng)府性融(rong)資(zi)擔保(bao)(bao)公司(si)擴大(da)擔保(bao)(bao)規模,降低(di)擔保(bao)(bao)費率,對于信用狀(zhuang)況優(you)、經營(ying)管理好的(de)擔保(bao)(bao)機構,可適(shi)當降低(di)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)金(jin)繳存比例。
第三,增強(qiang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性。著眼解決企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)抵質(zhi)押物不足的(de)問題,擴充企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)來源和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍,促進擴大信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)規(gui)模。一是形成“能放(fang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)”的(de)環境。推(tui)動(dong)整合(he)政府各(ge)(ge)部門信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju),建(jian)立統(tong)一的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)平(ping)臺。完善經有(you)(you)關部門認定(ding)的(de)與銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)審貸(dai)(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)關的(de)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)“三表”(資產負債表、利(li)潤表、損(sun)益(yi)表)或(huo)普惠領域的(de)“三單(dan)”(電(dian)費單(dan)、水費單(dan)、納稅(shui)申報(bao)單(dan))信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。推(tui)動(dong)省(sheng)級地方大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)管理機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)服務平(ping)臺或(huo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會與銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)共(gong)享(xiang)。二是形成“會放(fang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)”的(de)文化(hua)。推(tui)動(dong)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)順應(ying)要素(su)市(shi)場化(hua)改革新要求,從過度依(yi)(yi)賴“抵押擔保(bao)”的(de)慣性思(si)維,逐步(bu)轉變(bian)到依(yi)(yi)靠“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”等數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)要素(su)價(jia)值上(shang)來,大力推(tui)廣金(jin)融科技(ji)手段(duan),增強(qiang)差異(yi)化(hua)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)定(ding)價(jia)能力。建(jian)立企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)非金(jin)融主要信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)評(ping)價(jia)(比如納稅(shui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)評(ping)級等)和金(jin)融信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)評(ping)價(jia)(融資狀(zhuang)況等)“雙評(ping)價(jia)”融合(he)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)中(zhong)小微企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)狀(zhuang)況進行(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)評(ping)價(jia)。三是形成“敢放(fang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)”的(de)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。出臺針對(dui)“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)”的(de)多元化(hua)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)緩(huan)釋(shi)措施,設立專(zhuan)項(xiang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)緩(huan)釋(shi)基金(jin)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)補(bu)償資金(jin),或(huo)者保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司專(zhuan)項(xiang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)保(bao)證保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資金(jin)。建(jian)立線上(shang)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)證機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),提高“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)”風(feng)險(xian)(xian)處置(zhi)效(xiao)率。強(qiang)化(hua)各(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主管部門協(xie)作,建(jian)立守信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)聯合(he)激勵和失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)聯合(he)懲戒機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),并嵌入金(jin)融機(ji)(ji)構(gou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)評(ping)級系統(tong)。
第四,增(zeng)強監管(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)引導性。豐富金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)供給(gei)主(zhu)體,培育和(he)設立(li)包括互聯網(wang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)等新業(ye)態在內的(de)(de)專(zhuan)營(ying)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou),成立(li)主(zhu)要服務民營(ying)和(he)中小(xiao)(xiao)微企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(如區域中小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)發展銀行(xing)(xing)等)。在流動性覆(fu)蓋率、凈(jing)穩(wen)定資(zi)(zi)金(jin)比(bi)(bi)例(li)、資(zi)(zi)本充足(zu)率、撥備覆(fu)蓋率等主(zhu)要監管(guan)指(zhi)標方面,適當調整信(xin)用(yong)貸款權(quan)重(zhong),以市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)方式激勵銀行(xing)(xing)信(xin)用(yong)貸款投放的(de)(de)內生動力。優(you)化(hua)現有借貸便(bian)利(li)(li)工具,比(bi)(bi)如放松金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)的(de)(de)抵質(zhi)押品要求(qiu),或者對允(yun)許符合一定條件(jian)的(de)(de)進行(xing)(xing)無(wu)質(zhi)押融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)便(bian)利(li)(li),延長(chang)中期(qi)借貸便(bian)利(li)(li)期(qi)限(xian)。繼續(xu)推(tui)動LPR改革,引導銀行(xing)(xing)業(ye)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)提高利(li)(li)率定價市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)水平(ping),發揮好利(li)(li)率價格信(xin)號作用(yong),實現信(xin)貸資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)合理高效配置。
對“堵”污染保持必要信貸投入 注重優化綠色融資結構
隨著生態環(huan)境治(zhi)理工(gong)(gong)作的推(tui)進,綠(lv)(lv)色(se)信(xin)貸為(wei)主(zhu)的融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)結構應對長江經濟帶綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)存(cun)在一些障礙(ai)。王玉玲認(ren)為(wei),要實現長江經濟帶綠(lv)(lv)色(se)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),需(xu)要對“堵”污染(ran)保持必要的信(xin)貸投入(ru),更需(xu)要把主(zhu)要精力轉向優(you)化(hua)(hua)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)結構。具體(ti)可以采取完善(shan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)(zhi)持體(ti)系,開展(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)上(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)后(hou)備(bei)企業(ye)庫建設、為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)企業(ye)上(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)及發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)服務、建立轄內科研院所綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術(shu)研發(fa)信(xin)息庫和國民(min)經濟綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術(shu)瓶頸清單、完善(shan)考(kao)核機制方面(mian)的工(gong)(gong)作;建立綠(lv)(lv)色(se)信(xin)貸支(zhi)(zhi)持體(ti)系,建立綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)認(ren)證標(biao)準、支(zhi)(zhi)持綠(lv)(lv)色(se)消費、明(ming)確政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)與商業(ye)性(xing)金融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持領域。此外,財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)稅收積(ji)極(ji)配合(he),推(tui)動綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)和綠(lv)(lv)色(se)消費市(shi)(shi)場發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),最終形成綠(lv)(lv)色(se)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)與綠(lv)(lv)色(se)消費良性(xing)互動的局面(mian)。具體(ti)建議(yi)如下:
完善(shan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)直接融(rong)資和(he)(he)(he)風(feng)險(xian)基金(jin)(jin)政(zheng)策支持體系。一(yi)是(shi)建立(li)(li)綠(lv)色(se)(se)上(shang)市(shi)融(rong)資后(hou)(hou)備企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)庫(ku)(ku)。以是(shi)否(fou)有利(li)于(yu)綠(lv)色(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)發為核(he)(he)心(xin)標(biao)準(zhun),完善(shan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)上(shang)市(shi)后(hou)(hou)備企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)庫(ku)(ku)建設(she),合理(li)確定綠(lv)色(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展目標(biao),建立(li)(li)工(gong)作激(ji)勵(li)機(ji)(ji)制。二是(shi)完善(shan)推動綠(lv)色(se)(se)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)上(shang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)服務體系。建立(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)上(shang)市(shi)后(hou)(hou)備企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)庫(ku)(ku)輔導(dao)機(ji)(ji)制,引導(dao)商業(ye)銀行(xing)、證(zheng)券機(ji)(ji)構、基金(jin)(jin)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)監管機(ji)(ji)構四(si)方(fang)與庫(ku)(ku)內企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)對(dui)(dui)(dui)接,采取辦理(li)培訓班(ban)、“一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)”結(jie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)子(zi)輔導(dao)等(deng)方(fang)式推動企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在主板、中小板、創業(ye)板、科(ke)創板、“新(xin)三(san)板”市(shi)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)區域性股權交易中心(xin)掛牌融(rong)資上(shang)市(shi),鼓勵(li)綠(lv)色(se)(se)上(shang)市(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)通過資本市(shi)場(chang)并(bing)購強強聯(lian)合和(he)(he)(he)集聚(ju)核(he)(he)心(xin)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)要素。三(san)是(shi)建立(li)(li)科(ke)研(yan)院所綠(lv)色(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)發信息庫(ku)(ku)和(he)(he)(he)國民經濟綠(lv)色(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術瓶(ping)頸清(qing)單,統籌協(xie)調(diao)各類政(zheng)府背景的(de)(de)(de)創投(tou)基金(jin)(jin)、產業(ye)引導(dao)基金(jin)(jin)、股權投(tou)資基金(jin)(jin)及(ji)市(shi)場(chang)化風(feng)投(tou)基金(jin)(jin)、股權投(tou)資基金(jin)(jin)等(deng),加大(da)對(dui)(dui)(dui)接支持,重點支持企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)發和(he)(he)(he)萌芽期、初創期綠(lv)色(se)(se)創新(xin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye);四(si)是(shi)完善(shan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)國有背景基金(jin)(jin)管理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)績(ji)考核(he)(he)制度。建立(li)(li)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)考核(he)(he)指標(biao),重點完善(shan)盡職(zhi)免(mian)責標(biao)準(zhun),調(diao)動基金(jin)(jin)管理(li)人(ren)員工(gong)作積(ji)極性。
建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)信(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)體系。一是(shi)建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)認證標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。重(zhong)(zhong)點對生態環(huan)境薄弱地區的(de)(de)治理(li)、修復、保護項(xiang)目提(ti)供(gong)(gong)資金(jin)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi),引導金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)創新技術產品的(de)(de)市(shi)場化運(yun)用(yong),做(zuo)大(da)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)。加大(da)非綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)化轉(zhuan)型技改信(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)投入,設立(li)傳統產業(ye)(ye)(ye)海外轉(zhuan)移(yi)專項(xiang)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款。二(er)是(shi)明(ming)確政(zheng)策性融(rong)資支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)與(yu)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)性金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)領域。政(zheng)策性金(jin)融(rong)以具有公共產品性質(zhi)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目為支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)重(zhong)(zhong)點,商業(ye)(ye)(ye)性綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)信(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)以具有市(shi)場應(ying)用(yong)潛(qian)力(li)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)或項(xiang)目作(zuo)為優(you)先支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)對象,建(jian)立(li)與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展相匹配的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)信(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)政(zheng)策。三是(shi)加大(da)對綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)消(xiao)費(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)力(li)度(du)。建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)技術產品標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),出臺優(you)惠貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)策,為購買、安裝、使用(yong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)技術產品提(ti)供(gong)(gong)優(you)惠貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款,做(zuo)大(da)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產品消(xiao)費(fei)市(shi)場。四(si)是(shi)加快金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)信(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)服務能力(li)建(jian)設,采(cai)取(qu)建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)融(rong)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)部、成立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)分行等方式為綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)專門服務,提(ti)高審貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)效率(lv)。
加大財稅(shui)(shui)支持(chi)力度。一是(shi)完善(shan)(shan)財政支持(chi)體系建(jian)設。推(tui)(tui)出綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)直接融(rong)資(zi)獎勵(li)政策(ce)和(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)貸款(kuan)貼息政策(ce)。建(jian)立(li)完善(shan)(shan)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)直接融(rong)資(zi)工(gong)作先進機構(gou)、個人和(he)單位現金獎勵(li)規定和(he)職務晉升(sheng)激(ji)勵(li)措施,完善(shan)(shan)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)上(shang)市(shi)公司的(de)財政獎勵(li)措施和(he)標準;適(shi)當(dang)提高貼息比例,適(shi)當(dang)延長貼息期(qi)限,建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)貸款(kuan)風(feng)險補償機制(zhi),合(he)理確定風(feng)險分擔比例,推(tui)(tui)動(dong)金融(rong)機構(gou)擴大對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)產業貸款(kuan)。二是(shi)完善(shan)(shan)稅(shui)(shui)收優惠(hui)政策(ce)體系。完善(shan)(shan)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)創(chuang)新企(qi)業的(de)稅(shui)(shui)收支持(chi),對(dui)消費(fei)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)技(ji)術產品給與稅(shui)(shui)收減(jian)免(mian)或抵(di)(di)扣等(deng)優惠(hui)措施。如,對(dui)初創(chuang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)企(qi)業提供(gong)(gong)“三免(mian)兩(liang)減(jian)半”稅(shui)(shui)收優惠(hui)、對(dui)企(qi)業開發(fa)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)技(ji)術提供(gong)(gong)研發(fa)費(fei)用(yong)抵(di)(di)扣所得稅(shui)(shui)等(deng)。
采(cai)取小(xiao)范(fan)圍試(shi)(shi)點,逐(zhu)步(bu)推(tui)廣的(de)漸(jian)進(jin)施行方式。建議(yi)選(xuan)取湖北省作(zuo)為(wei)綠色(se)金(jin)融(rong)優化發展(zhan)的(de)試(shi)(shi)點省份(fen),探索實現綠色(se)信貸(dai)穩健(jian)發展(zhan)、綠色(se)直接融(rong)資和(he)風投(tou)基金(jin)等加(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan)的(de)可行路徑,推(tui)進(jin)綠色(se)技(ji)術(shu)研發,促進(jin)綠色(se)產業和(he)綠色(se)消費發展(zhan),為(wei)長(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶綠色(se)發展(zhan)提(ti)供可供復制(zhi)和(he)推(tui)廣的(de)經驗(yan)。
加快修訂《存款保險條例》 構建金融機構有序處置機制
建立金(jin)融機構有(you)(you)序處(chu)置(zhi)機制(zhi)是打好防范化解金(jin)融風(feng)(feng)險攻堅戰(zhan)役的重要(yao)環節。改革開放以來,我國(guo)金(jin)融發(fa)展取得(de)了(le)巨大(da)成就,也積累了(le)寶(bao)貴的風(feng)(feng)險處(chu)置(zhi)經驗,但(dan)與(yu)市(shi)場化、法治化的有(you)(you)序處(chu)置(zhi)機制(zhi)相比,還有(you)(you)較大(da)差距。
隨著我國(guo)金(jin)融業進(jin)一步對(dui)內(nei)對(dui)外開(kai)放,越來越多(duo)的(de)非國(guo)有乃至國(guo)際資本進(jin)入金(jin)融領域,王玉玲(ling)認為此(ci)前以國(guo)有機(ji)構為主的(de)風險(xian)處(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)做法亟(ji)需改變,要(yao)加快修訂《存款(kuan)保險(xian)條例》,構建(jian)一個以存款(kuan)保險(xian)為平(ping)臺的(de)金(jin)融機(ji)構有序處(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制,實現正常(chang)(chang)時期高風險(xian)機(ji)構的(de)常(chang)(chang)態(tai)化有序處(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以及特殊時期對(dui)系統重(zhong)要(yao)性機(ji)構的(de)特別處(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以實現保護公眾利益、維護金(jin)融穩定、防范道德風險(xian)、促進(jin)市場(chang)出清及最小化處(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)本的(de)目標。
王玉玲建議在(zai)近期銀行(xing)風險(xian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經驗(yan)的基礎上,充(chong)分吸收借鑒(jian)國(guo)際經驗(yan),加快構(gou)(gou)(gou)建一個(ge)以存(cun)款保(bao)險(xian)機構(gou)(gou)(gou)為平臺的金融機構(gou)(gou)(gou)有序處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)。建議統(tong)籌考慮現有法律法規中關于銀行(xing)風險(xian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和破產(chan)的規定,修訂(ding)《存(cun)款保(bao)險(xian)條例(li)》明(ming)確由存(cun)款保(bao)險(xian)機構(gou)(gou)(gou)擔(dan)任銀行(xing)的處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當局,明(ming)確其在(zai)早(zao)期糾正、處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)以及破產(chan)中的職責等(deng),重點要賦(fu)予(yu)強制(zhi)轉移資產(chan)債(zhai)務、成立過橋銀行(xing)等(deng)必要的處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權力,同時允許其依法承擔(dan)系統(tong)重要性金融機構(gou)(gou)(gou)的風險(xian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工作,完善(shan)存(cun)款保(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度體系。
首先,有必要賦予存款保險機構充分的(de)信(xin)息獲取(qu)權(quan)、對銀行進行風險監測,確保其(qi)全面并持續獲得反映銀行安全穩健經(jing)營的(de)內控(kong)(kong)和(he)(he)監管信(xin)息,及(ji)時識(shi)別問(wen)題和(he)(he)風險,在(zai)問(wen)題出現早期對銀行采(cai)取(qu)風險控(kong)(kong)制和(he)(he)糾正(zheng)措(cuo)施。
其次,如果早期糾正無法(fa)降低問(wen)題銀行的風險(xian)狀況(kuang),該機(ji)構仍然面臨倒(dao)閉風險(xian)且需使(shi)用(yong)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)基(ji)金,應當由存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)機(ji)構擔任接管組織(zhi)。在遵循基(ji)金使(shi)用(yong)成(cheng)本(ben)最小化(hua)(hua)原(yuan)則的前提下,存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)機(ji)構可及時(shi)制定處置方案,綜(zong)合采取(qu)多(duo)種措(cuo)施(shi)對問(wen)題銀行實(shi)施(shi)專業化(hua)(hua)、市場化(hua)(hua)的處置。
最(zui)后(hou),如果采取風(feng)險(xian)處置措施后(hou),問題(ti)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)仍(reng)無(wu)救活的可能,則(ze)應進入司(si)法破產(chan)清算,由存款(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)機構擔任破產(chan)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)。存款(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)機構依法履行(xing)償付存款(kuan)的義務后(hou),可以(yi)作為債權人(ren)(ren)參與銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)破產(chan)程(cheng)序,分配銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)的破產(chan)財產(chan),并就個人(ren)(ren)債權償付部分優(you)先受償,最(zui)小化存款(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)基金的損失。
此外,鑒于農村信用社和系(xi)統重要性金融機構特殊性,王玉玲認為有(you)必要對(dui)這兩類機構的風險處置(zhi)做(zuo)出(chu)有(you)針對(dui)性的制度安排。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聲明:凡(fan)本網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)注(zhu)明“來源:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)報(bao)(bao)·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)作(zuo)品,版權均屬于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)報(bao)(bao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)報(bao)(bao)·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與作(zuo)品作(zuo)者聯合聲明,任何組織(zhi)未經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)報(bao)(bao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以及作(zuo)者書面(mian)授權不得轉載(zai)、摘(zhai)編或利(li)用(yong)其(qi)它(ta)方式使用(yong)上述作(zuo)品。凡(fan)本網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)注(zhu)明來源非中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)報(bao)(bao)·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品,均轉載(zai)自其(qi)它(ta)媒體,轉載(zai)目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)更好服務(wu)讀者、傳(chuan)遞信息之(zhi)需,并不代表本網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)贊同其(qi)觀(guan)點,本網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亦不對(dui)其(qi)真實性負責,持異議者應與原出處(chu)單位主張權利(li)。
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