農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化關(guan)鍵是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技現代(dai)化，科(ke)學技術與農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)加速融合正在(zai)改變著中國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村發(fa)(fa)展的(de)面貌和模式。為(wei)進一步推進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化發(fa)(fa)展，助力鄉村振興，中央和地方各(ge)級政府(fu)都加大了對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技的(de)投入和支持力度，用(yong)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)技術種出最(zui)好(hao)的(de)糧食(shi)，為(wei)現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)插(cha)上騰(teng)飛的(de)“翅膀”。

　　農業科技不斷落實到一線

　　種(zhong)地之前要(yao)先(xian)進行土壤(rang)檢測，然后再調研作(zuo)物種(zhong)植歷史和農(nong)(nong)戶信息(xi)、氣象(xiang)數據等，最后開展農(nong)(nong)事操作(zuo)。這(zhe)是先(xian)正達集團智(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業的(de)一角。越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的(de)中國農(nong)(nong)村和農(nong)(nong)民正在受益于這(zhe)種(zhong)與(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)靠天吃飯完(wan)全不(bu)同的(de)耕作(zuo)方式。

　　先正達集團從農(nong)業生產(chan)的(de)田(tian)間(jian)作(zuo)業方式(shi)、農(nong)業投入品的(de)選(xuan)擇，到機(ji)械耕種(zhong)等(deng)，都是用(yong)數字化(hua)的(de)工具完成。他們(men)的(de)農(nong)業全(quan)產(chan)業鏈組織和服務平臺通過智慧農(nong)業系統，為農(nong)戶免費提供(gong)遙感巡田(tian)、病蟲(chong)害(hai)預警和病蟲(chong)害(hai)AI識別、線上農(nong)事管理等(deng)服務。

　　“我們的現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技術服務平臺首先會通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)調研(yan)問卷對當(dang)地(di)農(nong)(nong)民(min)進行痛點調研(yan)，從中(zhong)篩選(xuan)出可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)技術解決的痛點，有的放矢地(di)加以(yi)(yi)突破。之后會通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)多項實驗，找(zhao)出適合當(dang)地(di)的、輕簡(jian)化、可持續(xu)的種植方案，以(yi)(yi)此推動當(dang)地(di)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)提質增效，做到(dao)‘做給農(nong)(nong)民(min)看(kan)，帶著農(nong)(nong)民(min)干’。”先正達集團中(zhong)國(guo)數(shu)字農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經作華北大(da)區農(nong)(nong)藝師胡龍飛說。

　　不僅(jin)是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)，眾多(duo)院校、科研(yan)機構也在(zai)推進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化方面不斷努力。在(zai)吉林省梨(li)樹縣四(si)(si)棵樹鄉三(san)棵樹村(cun)，有一個(ge)(ge)不大的(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)“科技(ji)小院”。小院的(de)負(fu)責人沙野，是中國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)環境(jing)與(yu)資(zi)源學(xue)(xue)院的(de)博士生，在(zai)這里已經(jing)是第四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)年頭。從(cong)2009年到現在(zai)，中國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)已經(jing)先后有60多(duo)名研(yan)究生在(zai)此工作過(guo)。在(zai)他們的(de)指導下，施化肥(fei)的(de)量(liang)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)少，地里玉米產量(liang)卻(que)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高了。

　　政策層面加大支持力度

　　近日，農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部公布了(le)全國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)科技現(xian)代化(hua)先行縣(xian)共建名(ming)單的通知，包(bao)括(kuo)北京(jing)市(shi)平谷區等(deng)72個縣(xian)（市(shi)、區）與(yu)對口技術(shu)單位開展農(nong)業(ye)科技現(xian)代化(hua)先行縣(xian)共建工作。同時(shi)，要(yao)求要(yao)強化(hua)政策扶(fu)持，加大(da)支(zhi)持力度，不斷推進農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)發展。

　　今年以來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村部等部門不斷(duan)加大對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)的(de)支持(chi)力(li)度，同時(shi)強調要將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)的(de)成果真正落實到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產中。日前(qian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村部等部門發文支持(chi)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)主體(ti)提(ti)升(sheng)技(ji)術應用(yong)和(he)生產經營(ying)(ying)能力(li)，包括支持(chi)縣級以上農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合作社(she)示范社(she)和(he)示范家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場，提(ti)升(sheng)規模(mo)化(hua)、集約化(hua)、標準化(hua)、信息化(hua)生產能力(li)等。

　　各地方(fang)政府(fu)也紛(fen)紛(fen)加大對(dui)農業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)政策支(zhi)持(chi)力度。黑龍江省(sheng)近日出(chu)臺了加快(kuai)農業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)創新推(tui)廣的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)意(yi)見，強調努力解決一批(pi)"卡(ka)脖(bo)子"科技(ji)(ji)難(nan)關，實(shi)現(xian)更多“從0到(dao)1”的(de)(de)突破(po)，推(tui)動科技(ji)(ji)創新領跑現(xian)代農業(ye)(ye)發展。同(tong)時，堅持(chi)產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研合(he)作(zuo)，強化(hua)以企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為主體、市(shi)場為導向、產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研深度融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)聯(lian)合(he)攻關，構建開(kai)放競爭、多元互補、協同(tong)高(gao)效的(de)(de)農技(ji)(ji)推(tui)廣社會化(hua)服務體系。計劃(hua)到(dao)2025年，全省(sheng)農業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步貢獻率(lv)達到(dao)71.8%以上。

　　江西省日前成(cheng)立了(le)鄉村振興科(ke)技(ji)聯(lian)盟，通過整(zheng)合全省農業科(ke)技(ji)資(zi)源和人才智力優勢，打造(zao)科(ke)技(ji)工作者服務鄉村振興新模(mo)式，瞄(miao)準“卡(ka)脖子”關鍵(jian)問題，重點實施一(yi)批重大科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新項(xiang)目、產業發(fa)展項(xiang)目，構建支撐(cheng)農業綠色發(fa)展的科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新體系。

　　在各地政策中(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業發(fa)展(zhan)、耕地保(bao)護等成為農(nong)業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)推(tui)進的重點。黑龍(long)江省(sheng)強(qiang)(qiang)調要(yao)深入實(shi)施現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業提升工程，加(jia)速擴建寒地農(nong)業種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源庫項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，積極(ji)推(tui)進優質(zhi)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育攻關項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。浙江省(sheng)計劃(hua)“十四五”期間將(jiang)聚(ju)焦種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業“自立(li)(li)自強(qiang)(qiang)”和穩產保(bao)供(gong)目(mu)(mu)標，育成并推(tui)廣一批高產、優質(zhi)、抗(kang)病(bing)抗(kang)逆新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，保(bao)障糧食和重要(yao)農(nong)產品有效供(gong)給。未(wei)來，浙江將(jiang)加(jia)快推(tui)進“數字化(hua)+育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，搭建種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源平臺(tai)，推(tui)動(dong)“經驗育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”向“精確育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”轉變。同時(shi)，天津市也強(qiang)(qiang)調要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)基礎性前(qian)沿性研究(jiu)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業核心技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)，大力開展(zhan)蔬菜(cai)、主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源“卡脖子”技(ji)(ji)術攻關，加(jia)快實(shi)施農(nong)業生(sheng)物育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重大科(ke)技(ji)(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，努(nu)力實(shi)現種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)自立(li)(li)自強(qiang)(qiang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源自主(zhu)可控。

　　耕(geng)地保(bao)護方面，黑(hei)龍江、吉林等(deng)省將深入實(shi)施黑(hei)土(tu)耕(geng)地保(bao)護利(li)用(yong)提(ti)升工程(cheng)，強化黑(hei)土(tu)耕(geng)地保(bao)護利(li)用(yong)技術攻關和推廣示范。近日，農業農村部、國家發改委、財政部等(deng)七部門聯(lian)合印(yin)發了黑(hei)土(tu)地保(bao)護實(shi)施方案，計劃在“十四五”期間完成1億畝(mu)黑(hei)土(tu)地保(bao)護利(li)用(yong)任務(wu)，土(tu)壤有機質含(han)量平均提(ti)高10%以上。

　　實現農業科技高水平自立自強

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村現代化(hua)的(de)關鍵是(shi)科(ke)技進步，鄉(xiang)村振興的(de)過程就(jiu)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村現代化(hua)的(de)過程。科(ke)技部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村科(ke)技司(si)司(si)長蘭玉杰表示，下一步，科(ke)技部(bu)將部(bu)署一批引領性(xing)國家(jia)科(ke)技項目、強化(hua)一批國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業戰略科(ke)技力量、培(pei)育(yu)一批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科(ke)技領軍企業、組(zu)織一批科(ke)技人才上山(shan)下鄉(xiang)、轉化(hua)一批先進適用技術，實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科(ke)技高(gao)水平自(zi)立(li)自(zi)強，充分(fen)體現“凡是(shi)鄉(xiang)村振興，必(bi)有科(ke)技支撐”。

　　農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村部方面也(ye)表示(shi)，未(wei)來將進一步深化基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣體系改革，以國家現代農(nong)(nong)業科技(ji)(ji)(ji)示(shi)范(fan)展(zhan)示(shi)基(ji)(ji)地和區(qu)域(yu)示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地等(deng)為平臺，示(shi)范(fan)推廣重(zhong)大引領性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和農(nong)(nong)業主(zhu)推技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)山西、內蒙古等(deng)12個(ge)省(sheng)、自治區(qu)實施重(zhong)大技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)協(xie)同推廣任(ren)務，加快產學(xue)研推多方協(xie)作的技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)集成(cheng)創新推廣。

　　尤其是針(zhen)對種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)、耕地保(bao)護(hu)等(deng)關(guan)鍵環節，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村部表(biao)示，未(wei)來將充分(fen)考慮各地自然(ran)稟(bing)賦不(bu)同、市場價格變化等(deng)因素，研究不(bu)同地區(qu)高標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)農(nong)田建(jian)設投入(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)立投入(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的動態調整機制。并通(tong)過運用新增(zeng)耕地指標(biao)(biao)(biao)調劑收益、發行政府債券(quan)和(he)鼓(gu)勵社會資本投入(ru)等(deng)措施，進一步拓寬籌資渠道，增(zeng)加高標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)農(nong)田建(jian)設投入(ru)，提高建(jian)設質(zhi)量。同時，進一步加大力度突(tu)破(po)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)瓶頸，加快(kuai)推進種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)產權法規(gui)修訂、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制定等(deng)，激(ji)勵保(bao)護(hu)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)原始創新。

　　中(zhong)國社會科學院農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan)研究所等(deng)單位近(jin)日發布(bu)了《中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan)報告（2021）》，預測2035年(nian)中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)進步貢獻率將(jiang)達(da)到70%以(yi)(yi)上，將(jiang)基本實現(xian)以(yi)(yi)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)強、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村美、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民富”為(wei)特征的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)代(dai)化。到2025年(nian)將(jiang)突破(po)現(xian)代(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機裝備制造(zao)和智慧農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)等(deng)發展(zhan)瓶頸，奠定重點產業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)基礎，到2035年(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)創新能力達(da)到中(zhong)等(deng)發達(da)國家平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)。