7月(yue)以來(lai)，歐洲多國(guo)(guo)遭受新(xin)一(yi)輪熱浪襲擊，電力(li)需求激增(zeng)，電網不堪重負頻繁斷電，嚴重影響民眾日常生活(huo)和商(shang)業活(huo)動。同期(qi)，我國(guo)(guo)多地也出現持續性高(gao)溫天氣(qi)，最大電力(li)負荷快(kuai)速攀(pan)升，多次刷新(xin)歷史最高(gao)紀錄。不同的是，我國(guo)(guo)迎(ying)峰度(du)夏期(qi)間電力(li)供應保障有(you)力(li)有(you)效。巨(ju)大反差之(zhi)下，有(you)網友(you)好奇，這背后隱藏(zang)著什么神(shen)秘的“東方力(li)量”？

　　我國(guo)電力(li)迎峰度(du)(du)夏(xia)平(ping)穩(wen)有序，得益于“工具箱(xiang)”越來越豐富。全球(qiu)氣(qi)候(hou)變(bian)暖，極端天氣(qi)頻(pin)發，高溫熱(re)浪變(bian)得平(ping)常(chang)，夏(xia)季(ji)電力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)供應的難度(du)(du)越來越大。從(cong)經濟性(xing)考慮，任何一(yi)個電力(li)系統(tong)的建(jian)設，都(dou)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)了(le)滿足短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)的用電高峰，匹配(pei)100%的托底電源(yuan)。因此，為(wei)(wei)保障(zhang)迎峰度(du)(du)夏(xia)不(bu)“掉鏈子”，我國(guo)除了(le)加大電源(yuan)、電網(wang)建(jian)設改造力(li)度(du)(du)，以(yi)及保障(zhang)電煤供應等(deng)常(chang)規操(cao)作外，還解(jie)鎖了(le)增加儲能(neng)(neng)調節能(neng)(neng)力(li)、區域電力(li)互濟、虛擬電廠等(deng)更(geng)多新技能(neng)(neng)。

　　新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能調節(jie)能力(li)不斷提升。當前(qian)迎峰度夏電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)的主要(yao)矛盾，不是絕對(dui)數量的電(dian)(dian)能不足，而是結構性時空(kong)錯配。比(bi)如，在中午新(xin)能源(yuan)發力(li)時，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求卻沒有那么(me)多；夜間用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰期(qi)，新(xin)能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)往往又供(gong)(gong)不上。新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能好(hao)比(bi)“超(chao)級(ji)充電(dian)(dian)寶”，通過削(xue)峰填谷，重新(xin)匹配電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)。

　　今(jin)年(nian)4月(yue)，國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局出臺政策規范新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)并網接(jie)入，促進新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)高效調(diao)度運用(yong)，取得良好(hao)成效。數據顯示，國(guo)家電網公司經(jing)(jing)營(ying)區2024年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)等效利用(yong)小(xiao)時數達390小(xiao)時、等效充放電次(ci)數約(yue)93次(ci)，較2023年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)分別提高約(yue)100%、86%；南方電網公司經(jing)(jing)營(ying)區2024年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)等效利用(yong)小(xiao)時數達560小(xiao)時，已接(jie)近2023年(nian)全(quan)年(nian)調(diao)用(yong)水(shui)平。隨著(zhu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)裝機規模增(zeng)加，其促進新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發消納(na)、提高電力系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)穩定運行水(shui)平的(de)作用(yong)逐(zhu)步增(zeng)強。

　　電(dian)(dian)力(li)互濟(ji)能力(li)持續增(zeng)強。我(wo)缺(que)電(dian)(dian)時，你(ni)(ni)供(gong)(gong)(gong)我(wo)；你(ni)(ni)缺(que)電(dian)(dian)時，我(wo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)你(ni)(ni)。面對(dui)迎峰(feng)(feng)度夏電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)空間(jian)錯配，在(zai)更大范圍內平衡(heng)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)是高效之舉、經濟(ji)之策。由(you)于不同區(qu)域產業結構、用電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)(he)高峰(feng)(feng)時段存在(zai)差異，便可巧妙利(li)用這(zhe)一特點，由(you)用電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)(he)不在(zai)最高峰(feng)(feng)的(de)省份，向(xiang)用電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)(he)高峰(feng)(feng)省份送電(dian)(dian)，并在(zai)另一時段反向(xiang)送電(dian)(dian)，以優化配置電(dian)(dian)力(li)資源。

　　今(jin)年5月，閩粵聯網工程首次以滿(man)通道能力(li)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，全力(li)支援廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求。受氣候影響，福建(jian)入(ru)夏(xia)較廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)晚一些，兩省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負(fu)荷(he)特性互(hu)補(bu)。當5月份廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)開始(shi)入(ru)夏(xia)后，福建(jian)仍有富余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量可送(song)至廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，支撐廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)夏(xia)季用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)高峰；7月至9月西南水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕可大量送(song)至廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)時，廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)一旦有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)盈余則可送(song)入(ru)福建(jian)，緩解(jie)福建(jian)夏(xia)季負(fu)荷(he)高峰期供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓力(li)。今(jin)年6月，滬蘇浙皖三省(sheng)一市簽訂《2024年長三角一體化(hua)迎峰度(du)夏(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)互(hu)濟(ji)(ji)合作框架協議》，通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)置換互(hu)濟(ji)(ji)等方式，共同應對今(jin)夏(xia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰。未(wei)來，還會(hui)有更多(duo)地區加入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)互(hu)濟(ji)(ji)大家庭。

　　負荷參與電(dian)網(wang)調(diao)節潛力(li)充分釋放。過去電(dian)力(li)迎峰度夏，主要(yao)是(shi)給(gei)(gei)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)端施(shi)壓(ya)，讓電(dian)廠多發電(dian)，而電(dian)力(li)需(xu)求側的調(diao)節能力(li)一直(zhi)處于(yu)“沉睡(shui)”狀態。當電(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)緊張(zhang)時，喚(huan)醒(xing)海量負荷側資源，合(he)理調(diao)配用電(dian)需(xu)求，同樣有助于(yu)保持電(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)平衡、保障電(dian)網(wang)安全。

　　作為激活(huo)需求側資源(yuan)的重要途徑，虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠(chang)是(shi)一套電(dian)力智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)度(du)系統，將分散(san)的充(chong)電(dian)樁、空調(diao)、分布(bu)式(shi)光伏、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備等資源(yuan)聚合(he)，統一協調(diao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗與電(dian)力吐納(na)，形成(cheng)一座基于數字技術的“看不見的電(dian)廠(chang)”。以江蘇蘇州為例，目前(qian)該市(shi)已(yi)建(jian)成(cheng)虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠(chang)管理平臺。根據(ju)國網（蘇州）城市(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)研(yan)究(jiu)院城市(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)戰略(lve)中心(xin)測算，在虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠(chang)已(yi)完成(cheng)基礎建(jian)設(she)的前(qian)提下(xia)，僅(jin)依托填谷響應模(mo)式(shi)，就可為蘇州穩定貢獻2萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)/天的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，從(cong)而(er)提供至少5500萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)/年的靈活(huo)調(diao)節資源(yuan)。有(you)機構預測，到2030年，我國虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠(chang)累(lei)計裝機總容量(liang)將達5500萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，超過2座三(san)峽電(dian)站的總裝機容量(liang)。

　　新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)業態、新(xin)(xin)模式不斷涌現，不僅(jin)緩解了電(dian)(dian)力迎(ying)峰度夏壓力，也對主管部門提(ti)出了新(xin)(xin)要求(qiu)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)化改革大背景下，只有(you)制定合理的價格機制、交易體系，充分體現電(dian)(dian)能的時間(jian)、空(kong)間(jian)、屬(shu)性等價值，才能釋放出電(dian)(dian)力系統在(zai)調(diao)節方面的真實潛(qian)力。（本文來源：經(jing)濟(ji)日報 作者：王軼辰(chen)）