上證報中國證券網訊（記者 韓宋輝）近年來，銀保監會深入貫徹(che)落實黨中央、國務院關于打好防范化解重大(da)金(jin)融風險(xian)攻堅(jian)戰的(de)決策部署，持續(xu)開展銀行(xing)保險(xian)機構股權(quan)和關聯交易專項整治(zhi)，通過采取監管(guan)措施，有效遏制亂象發(fa)展勢頭(tou)，整治(zhi)工作取得(de)積極成效。

　　具體來看，2019年銀(yin)保監會以中(zhong)小機構(gou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重點，全面(mian)排(pai)查突(tu)出問題和(he)風險(xian)(xian)，嚴厲(li)整治虛假出資(zi)、股(gu)(gu)權代持、股(gu)(gu)東(dong)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)干預和(he)不(bu)當(dang)利益(yi)輸送等違(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)規(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。2020年為(wei)(wei)(wei)鞏固(gu)前期整治成果，銀(yin)保監會開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)專項整治“回頭(tou)看”，覆蓋4600余家銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)保險(xian)(xian)機構(gou)，排(pai)查“資(zi)本不(bu)實(shi)、股(gu)(gu)東(dong)不(bu)實(shi)”違(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)規(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，堅決(jue)打(da)擊挪用、套(tao)取、侵占銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)保險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金的違(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)規(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。

　　經過排(pai)查，銀保監會發現(xian)(xian)：重點問題集中于股(gu)(gu)東(dong)通過隱藏實(shi)際控制(zhi)人、隱瞞關(guan)聯關(guan)系、股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)代持、表決權(quan)(quan)委托、一(yi)致行(xing)動約定等(deng)隱性行(xing)為(wei)規(gui)(gui)避監管，實(shi)施對銀行(xing)保險機構(gou)的控制(zhi)權(quan)(quan)和主導(dao)權(quan)(quan)，獲取不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)利益。主要(yao)表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)：一(yi)是股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)關(guan)系不(bu)(bu)(bu)透明；二是資本質量不(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)；三是股(gu)(gu)東(dong)行(xing)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)；四是違規(gui)(gui)開展關(guan)聯交易，借道(dao)同(tong)業(ye)、理財、表外(wai)等(deng)業(ye)務，或通過空殼(ke)公司虛(xu)構(gou)業(ye)務等(deng)隱蔽方式向股(gu)(gu)東(dong)輸(shu)送利益。

　　針對(dui)(dui)(dui)整治發(fa)現(xian)的違法違規行(xing)為(wei)，監管部門從嚴(yan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰問(wen)責(ze)，嚴(yan)厲(li)打(da)擊亂(luan)象行(xing)為(wei)。兩(liang)年來，依法對(dui)(dui)(dui)違規機構和相(xiang)關責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)實施行(xing)政處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰，處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰金額合計1.4億元，處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰相(xiang)關責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)395人(ren)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)部分(fen)人(ren)員取消任(ren)職資格或禁止從事銀行(xing)業保險(xian)業。同(tong)時，要求各(ge)類機構自(zi)(zi)查自(zi)(zi)糾，明確問(wen)責(ze)標準(zhun)、程(cheng)序，處(chu)(chu)(chu)理到人(ren)，兩(liang)年來各(ge)類機構內部問(wen)責(ze)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理相(xiang)關部門或分(fen)支機構360家次，對(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)問(wen)責(ze)5383人(ren)次，其中移交司法機關8人(ren)，黨紀、紀律處(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)674人(ren)，經濟處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰4029人(ren)、金額4538.27萬(wan)元。

　　此外(wai)，監管(guan)部(bu)門綜合采取(qu)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)市場準(zhun)入、并購重(zhong)(zhong)組、引入戰略投資者、責令轉讓(rang)股(gu)(gu)權、限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)權利(li)等方式，積極推動(dong)問(wen)題(ti)整(zheng)改(gai)；穩妥開(kai)展高風(feng)險機構違規股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)股(gu)(gu)權清(qing)理，有(you)序清(qing)退問(wen)題(ti)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)，大(da)(da)幅壓降股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)占款(kuan)。兩年來(lai)，監管(guan)部(bu)門共清(qing)退違法違規股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)2600多個。借助司(si)法力量重(zhong)(zhong)點打擊惡意掏空銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)的違法股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)，對(dui)違規持股(gu)(gu)情節(jie)(jie)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)且(qie)拒(ju)不整(zheng)改(gai)的股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)實施信用懲戒(jie)，倒逼整(zheng)改(gai)落(luo)實；分兩批向社會公開(kai)違法違規情節(jie)(jie)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)、社會影響特(te)別惡劣的47家銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)保險機構股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)名單，加大(da)(da)公開(kai)懲戒(jie)，嚴(yan)肅市場紀律，優化股(gu)(gu)權結構，規范股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)行(xing)為(wei)。