3月(yue)1日(ri)，全國(guo)政協委員、原中(zhong)國(guo)保監(jian)會副主(zhu)席周延禮在接受中(zhong)國(guo)證券報記者專訪時透露，擬向全國(guo)政協十三屆四次會議提(ti)交的提(ti)案，主(zhu)要聚焦商業養(yang)老(lao)保險、健康(kang)保險、強化保險資金(jin)支持實(shi)體經濟力度等問(wen)題(ti)。

　　周延(yan)禮認為，保(bao)險(xian)(xian)業(ye)必須牢(lao)牢(lao)把握住“十(shi)四五”重要戰略機遇期(qi)(qi)，應繼續引導商(shang)業(ye)健(jian)康(kang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)融(rong)入國家發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大局，加(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)長期(qi)(qi)商(shang)業(ye)健(jian)康(kang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)產品(pin)(pin)，與(yu)基(ji)本醫保(bao)形成結(jie)構互補(bu)。應開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)適老、涉老商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)，促進(jin)養老服務(wu)業(ye)持(chi)續發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。拓寬(kuan)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)可(ke)投(tou)資(zi)范圍(wei)，研究保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)參與(yu)證券轉融(rong)通業(ye)務(wu)，制定保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)資(zi)股權、不動產、金(jin)融(rong)產品(pin)(pin)領域內部(bu)控制標準，防范另(ling)類(lei)投(tou)資(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，完善資(zi)金(jin)運(yun)用“1+N”內控體系。

　　發展適老涉老商業保險產品

　　中(zhong)國證(zheng)券報：目前商業養老保險發展已(yi)取(qu)得哪些成效？下一步(bu)的(de)發展方向(xiang)和措施(shi)是(shi)什么？ 

　　周(zhou)延(yan)禮：近年(nian)(nian)來，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)(ye)通過多(duo)種方式積極參與服(fu)務(wu)多(duo)層(ceng)次(ci)養(yang)(yang)老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)體系建設，增(zeng)加(jia)養(yang)(yang)老資(zi)(zi)金積累(lei)(lei)，服(fu)務(wu)養(yang)(yang)老資(zi)(zi)金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)值增(zeng)值。2020年(nian)(nian)，商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)養(yang)(yang)老年(nian)(nian)金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費收(shou)(shou)入(ru)712億(yi)(yi)元，積累(lei)(lei)超過5800億(yi)(yi)元的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任準(zhun)備金，較年(nian)(nian)初增(zeng)長22%。截(jie)(jie)至2020年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)末(mo)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構(gou)在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)金市場共(gong)計(ji)為(wei)7.4萬(wan)(wan)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)受托(tuo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)，覆蓋1521萬(wan)(wan)人，累(lei)(lei)計(ji)受托(tuo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)產1.15萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元，占企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)金法(fa)人受托(tuo)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)70%左右；投(tou)資(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)產余額1.2萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元，占企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)金基(ji)金實際投(tou)資(zi)(zi)運作(zuo)金額的(de)55%左右；管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)賬(zhang)(zhang)戶2.1萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)，個(ge)人賬(zhang)(zhang)戶超過380萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)。部分保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構(gou)還(huan)擔任基(ji)本養(yang)(yang)老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)金投(tou)資(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人。個(ge)人稅(shui)收(shou)(shou)遞延(yan)型商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)養(yang)(yang)老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)進展平穩。截(jie)(jie)至2020年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)末(mo)，共(gong)有23家(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司參與試(shi)(shi)點(dian)，19家(jia)公司出單，累(lei)(lei)計(ji)實現保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費收(shou)(shou)入(ru)4.3億(yi)(yi)元，參保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人數4.9萬(wan)(wan)人。具有養(yang)(yang)老屬性(xing)的(de)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)已(yi)積累(lei)(lei)責(ze)任準(zhun)備金約3.3萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元。

　　下一步，應開展(zhan)適老、涉老商業保(bao)險(xian)，促進養老服務業持續發(fa)展(zhan)。一是鼓勵保(bao)險(xian)公司發(fa)展(zhan)各類老年(nian)人保(bao)險(xian)產品，增加老年(nian)人可選擇的商業保(bao)險(xian)品種。探索(suo)編制(zhi)(zhi)老年(nian)人常見重疾病種發(fa)生率(lv)表。出(chu)臺(tai)長期(qi)醫療險(xian)相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策，從制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)上解決(jue)老年(nian)人和患(huan)病人群難以購買商業醫療保(bao)險(xian)問題。在風險(xian)可控前提下進一步放開相(xiang)關(guan)產品年(nian)齡限制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　二是支持保險機構投資(zi)建設養(yang)老(lao)機構、養(yang)老(lao)社區等項目(mu)，為入住老(lao)人提供全面保障服(fu)務(wu)，增加社會養(yang)老(lao)服(fu)務(wu)供給，促進醫療、養(yang)老(lao)和保險產業融(rong)合發展。截至2020年年底，共有10家機構投資(zi)49個養(yang)老(lao)社區項目(mu)，建筑面積近(jin)1500萬平(ping)方米，計(ji)劃投資(zi)950億元(yuan)，設計(ji)床(chuang)位8.9萬個。

　　三是在全國(guo)范圍(wei)內開展(zhan)老(lao)年人住房反向(xiang)抵(di)(di)押養(yang)老(lao)保險業務。截至2020年年底，反向(xiang)抵(di)(di)押養(yang)老(lao)保險共有127戶家庭187位老(lao)人參保，保險公(gong)司已(yi)累計發放養(yang)老(lao)金1489萬元。

　　“買不到買不起”問題沒完全解決

　　中國(guo)證券報：健(jian)康險(xian)發(fa)展(zhan)空間有(you)多(duo)大？如何促進健(jian)康險(xian)市(shi)場(chang)更高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)？

　　周延禮：近(jin)年來(lai)，我國(guo)商業健康險市(shi)場保(bao)(bao)持(chi)著30%以上(shang)的復合增長(chang)率，為參(can)保(bao)(bao)群眾積累(lei)超過1萬億元(yuan)長(chang)期(qi)健康保(bao)(bao)障風險準(zhun)備金(jin)，但(dan)與2025年積累(lei)6萬億元(yuan)健康保(bao)(bao)障風險準(zhun)備金(jin)的目(mu)標(biao)還(huan)有(you)差距。

　　目前，我國商業健康(kang)(kang)保(bao)險在服務人民(min)群(qun)眾日益增(zeng)長的健康(kang)(kang)保(bao)障(zhang)需(xu)求方面還存在短板和弱項，最突(tu)出的是供給能力(li)不(bu)足，產品和服務同質化(hua)嚴重，精細化(hua)不(bu)夠，面向未成(cheng)年(nian)人及老年(nian)人的健康(kang)(kang)保(bao)險產品發展滯(zhi)后，“想買的產品買不(bu)到、買不(bu)起”的問題仍沒(mei)有完全解(jie)決。

　　下(xia)一步，應繼續引導商業(ye)(ye)健康(kang)保險融入國家(jia)發展大局，從以下(xia)幾個方面推(tui)動(dong)商業(ye)(ye)健康(kang)保險發展。

　　一是立足(zu)于提(ti)供長期(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障，加快發(fa)展長期(qi)商業健康保(bao)(bao)(bao)險產品，與基(ji)本醫保(bao)(bao)(bao)形成結構互補。

　　二是立足(zu)于擴大(da)覆蓋面，堅持為(wei)全(quan)體(ti)人民(min)群眾服務的思想，著力(li)提高商(shang)業健(jian)康保險覆蓋面，運用“大(da)數(shu)法則”分散(san)風險。

　　三是(shi)立(li)足于保(bao)(bao)障實際(ji)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)支出(chu)。將(jiang)目錄外的合理醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)費用納入商業健(jian)康保(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)障范(fan)圍(wei)，通(tong)過保(bao)(bao)險(xian)機制(zhi)，降低人民群眾實際(ji)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)負擔。要(yao)發揮醫(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)卡(ka)作用，讓(rang)老(lao)百姓除了有基本(ben)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)外，可通(tong)過醫(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)卡(ka)購買(mai)一些商業健(jian)康保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，把個人醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)保(bao)(bao)障范(fan)圍(wei)擴大一些，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)額高一些。

　　四是立足于合理利(li)益激勵(li)(li)機制，通(tong)過區別定價和費率浮動等方(fang)式，鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)年(nian)輕(qing)人和健康(kang)人群為健康(kang)保障投保，實現從“保疾病”到“促健康(kang)”轉變。

　　五(wu)是立(li)足于積(ji)極(ji)參與管(guan)(guan)控不當(dang)醫療(liao)行為(wei)，鼓(gu)勵保險(xian)業積(ji)極(ji)發揮專業優勢參與醫療(liao)衛生綜合(he)治理(li)和支付方(fang)式(shi)改(gai)革(ge)，通(tong)過(guo)智(zhi)能控費等方(fang)式(shi)提升風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力。

　　推進險資運用市場化改革

　　中國證券報：保險(xian)資金將從(cong)哪些(xie)方面深化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)，更好地(di)服務實體經濟？

　　周(zhou)延禮(li)：總體看，保險(xian)(xian)資金(jin)運用保持了穩健審慎發展(zhan)態勢(shi)，較(jiao)好平衡了安(an)全(quan)性、收(shou)益(yi)性和(he)流動(dong)性，為服務保險(xian)(xian)保障和(he)促進(jin)實體經濟高(gao)質量發展(zhan)發揮重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。

　　下一步，應加強(qiang)政策引導，支持保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)發揮期限長(chang)、來源穩定等(deng)優勢，服務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)體經濟(ji)高(gao)質量發展。一是推(tui)進保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)運用市場化改(gai)革。推(tui)進修(xiu)訂委托(tuo)(tuo)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)融產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)等(deng)制(zhi)度(du)，調降保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)可投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)債(zhai)券(quan)評(ping)級要求，拓寬(kuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)可投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)范圍。二是強(qiang)化保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)支持實(shi)體經濟(ji)力(li)度(du)。通(tong)過股權、債(zhai)權、保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品等(deng)方式，服務(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)進制(zhi)造業(ye)和(he)戰略性新興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展。三(san)是加大對民營(ying)和(he)小微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)度(du)。建立(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品注(zhu)冊服務(wu)(wu)(wu)綠色(se)通(tong)道，提升服務(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)體企(qi)業(ye)效率。完善保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)支農(nong)支小融資(zi)(zi)試點新模式，探索(suo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)深度(du)參(can)(can)與(yu)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)普惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)融新路徑(jing)。四是修(xiu)訂相關監管制(zhi)度(du)，規(gui)范保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)委托(tuo)(tuo)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)行為(wei)。五是研(yan)究保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)參(can)(can)與(yu)證券(quan)轉融通(tong)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)，提升保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)運用效率，增厚投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)益。

　　保險業資產質量總體較高

　　中國證券報：當前我國保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)產(chan)質量如何(he)？下(xia)一步，防范(fan)保(bao)險(xian)資(zi)金運(yun)用風險(xian)，應從哪幾(ji)個方(fang)面著手？

　　周延禮：當前，保(bao)險業資產(chan)(chan)質量較好，風(feng)險總體可控。一(yi)是資產(chan)(chan)配(pei)置(zhi)結構穩健。截至2020年年末，保(bao)險業各類資產(chan)(chan)中流動性(xing)資產(chan)(chan)和固定收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)類資產(chan)(chan)占比(bi)超(chao)過70%，銀行存(cun)款(kuan)和債券(quan)占比(bi)約50%，與全球主要(yao)國家保(bao)險資產(chan)(chan)配(pei)置(zhi)基(ji)本一(yi)致。二(er)是資產(chan)(chan)質量總體較高。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)險資金配(pei)置(zhi)中，超(chao)七成銀行存(cun)款(kuan)集中在(zai)(zai)國有大(da)型商業銀行和全國性(xing)股(gu)份(fen)制銀行，超(chao)六(liu)成債券(quan)投(tou)資為(wei)(wei)國債和金融(rong)債，股(gu)票(piao)配(pei)置(zhi)以(yi)大(da)盤藍籌股(gu)為(wei)(wei)主。三是投(tou)資收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)相對穩定。2020年保(bao)險資金投(tou)資收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率為(wei)(wei)5.41％，累(lei)計實現收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)1.1萬億元(yuan)。

　　保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)運用(yong)面臨的風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)依然(ran)復雜嚴峻，特別(bie)是(shi)利率風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)再(zai)投(tou)資(zi)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等防范壓力較(jiao)大。下一(yi)步(bu)，應圍繞以下幾點做好(hao)工作：一(yi)是(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)化保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債管(guan)理。在負(fu)(fu)債端(duan)，督促(cu)公司(si)根(gen)據投(tou)資(zi)收益預測(ce)進行產品(pin)(pin)開發(fa)和(he)業務(wu)調(diao)整，鼓勵公司(si)開發(fa)具(ju)有高內(nei)含價(jia)值產品(pin)(pin)。在資(zi)產端(duan)，督促(cu)公司(si)加強(qiang)(qiang)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債協(xie)同，強(qiang)(qiang)化保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)資(zi)的長期業績考核導向。二(er)是(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)測(ce)管(guan)理。定(ding)期監(jian)測(ce)固定(ding)收益類資(zi)產違約情況，引導保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機構加強(qiang)(qiang)信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理能(neng)力持續(xu)建設(she)、加強(qiang)(qiang)信(xin)用(yong)評級跟蹤和(he)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)控。三是(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)風控體(ti)系建設(she)。制(zhi)定(ding)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)資(zi)股(gu)權、不(bu)動產、金(jin)融產品(pin)(pin)領(ling)域內(nei)部控制(zhi)標準，防范另類投(tou)資(zi)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，完善資(zi)金(jin)運用(yong)“1+N”內(nei)控體(ti)系。