民以食(shi)為天(tian)，保障糧食(shi)等重(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)(gei)安全是(shi)治國(guo)理(li)政的(de)(de)頭(tou)等大事。對于我國(guo)這樣一個擁(yong)有14億多人(ren)口的(de)(de)大國(guo)來(lai)說，保障糧食(shi)安全不能依(yi)靠別人(ren)，必須立足(zu)國(guo)內基本解(jie)決吃飯問(wen)題(ti)。剛剛公布(bu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)央一號文件(jian)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央 國(guo)務院關(guan)于做好2022年全面推進(jin)鄉村振興(xing)重(zhong)點工作的(de)(de)意見》指(zhi)出，全力(li)抓好糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)和重(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)(gei)。這為今年農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)指(zhi)明了方向。

　　去年(nian)我國糧食生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)克服疫(yi)情(qing)災情(qing)等不(bu)(bu)利因(yin)素影(ying)響，再獲豐(feng)收，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)到13657億斤(jin)，增產(chan)(chan)(chan)267億斤(jin)，生(sheng)豬(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能提前半年(nian)實(shi)現恢復目標，其他主(zhu)要(yao)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品市場供應和價格(ge)總(zong)體穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)，為(wei)保障糧食和重要(yao)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品供給(gei)安全奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)堅實(shi)基礎。然(ran)而，在百年(nian)變局(ju)和世紀疫(yi)情(qing)交織之下，我國糧食安全依然(ran)面臨一(yi)些不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)不(bu)(bu)確定(ding)因(yin)素，如國內糧食結構性矛盾不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)凸顯、糧食緊(jin)平(ping)衡的(de)格(ge)局(ju)短期(qi)內難(nan)以(yi)改變、資源環境約束也在加(jia)劇，國際(ji)(ji)糧食貿易形勢復雜多變，國際(ji)(ji)糧價持續上(shang)漲。要(yao)推(tui)動(dong)經濟(ji)社會平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)健康(kang)發展，必須(xu)著眼國家重大戰略(lve)需要(yao)，穩(wen)(wen)住(zhu)農業基本盤(pan)，確保農業穩(wen)(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)增產(chan)(chan)(chan)，牢(lao)牢(lao)守住(zhu)國家糧食安全底(di)線，以(yi)國內供給(gei)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性應對國際(ji)(ji)環境的(de)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性不(bu)(bu)確定(ding)性。

　　首先，要把責任落實到位(wei)。今年我國糧(liang)食(shi)穩產(chan)(chan)增產(chan)(chan)的(de)目標已經(jing)明確。在(zai)人多地(di)少的(de)國情糧(liang)情下，抓糧(liang)食(shi)生產(chan)(chan)不能(neng)只算經(jing)濟(ji)賬(zhang)，更要算政(zheng)治賬(zhang)。各地(di)要全(quan)面落實糧(liang)食(shi)安全(quan)黨政(zheng)同責，嚴格糧(liang)食(shi)安全(quan)責任制考核，確保(bao)糧(liang)食(shi)播種面積穩定(ding)、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)保(bao)持在(zai)1.3萬億(yi)斤以上(shang)。主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)、主(zhu)銷區(qu)(qu)、產(chan)(chan)銷平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)區(qu)(qu)都要保(bao)面積、保(bao)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)，不斷提高主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)糧(liang)食(shi)綜(zong)合生產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)，切實穩定(ding)和提高主(zhu)銷區(qu)(qu)糧(liang)食(shi)自(zi)給率(lv)，確保(bao)產(chan)(chan)銷平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)區(qu)(qu)糧(liang)食(shi)基(ji)本(ben)自(zi)給。

　　結(jie)(jie)構性(xing)短缺是當(dang)前保(bao)障糧食安全(quan)面臨(lin)的主要矛盾。要大力推進農業(ye)結(jie)(jie)構調整，大力實施大豆(dou)(dou)和油(you)料產能提(ti)升工程(cheng)，擴大豆(dou)(dou)、擴油(you)料，千方百計提(ti)高大豆(dou)(dou)和油(you)料自給率。加大力度落實“菜籃(lan)子(zi)”市長(chang)負責制(zhi)，穩定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)豬(zhu)生(sheng)產長(chang)效性(xing)支(zhi)持政策，穩定(ding)(ding)基(ji)礎產能，防止生(sheng)產大起(qi)大落。加快擴大牛羊(yang)肉(rou)和奶業(ye)生(sheng)產，穩定(ding)(ding)水產養殖面積，穩定(ding)(ding)大中城(cheng)市常年菜地保(bao)有量，完善棉花目標價格政策，探索開(kai)(kai)展糖料蔗完全(quan)成(cheng)本保(bao)險和種植收(shou)入(ru)保(bao)險，開(kai)(kai)展天然橡膠(jiao)老舊(jiu)膠(jiao)園更新改造試點。

　　其次(ci)，加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)政策(ce)供給(gei)力(li)度，調動(dong)農民種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性和(he)(he)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區抓(zhua)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性。農民是種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)的主(zhu)體，農民種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)能(neng)賺(zhuan)錢，國家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食就安(an)全(quan)(quan)。今年(nian)要(yao)推動(dong)健全(quan)(quan)農民種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)收(shou)益(yi)(yi)保障機(ji)制(zhi)，力(li)爭做到政策(ce)保本、經營(ying)增效。政策(ce)上(shang)，要(yao)適(shi)當提高稻(dao)(dao)谷、小(xiao)(xiao)麥最低收(shou)購價，穩(wen)定玉米、大(da)(da)(da)豆生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者補貼(tie)和(he)(he)稻(dao)(dao)谷補貼(tie)政策(ce)，實現三(san)大(da)(da)(da)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食作(zuo)(zuo)物完全(quan)(quan)成本保險和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)植收(shou)入保險主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)省(sheng)產(chan)(chan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)縣全(quan)(quan)覆蓋。經營(ying)上(shang)，聚焦(jiao)關(guan)鍵薄弱環節和(he)(he)小(xiao)(xiao)農戶，加(jia)快發展農業(ye)社會化服(fu)(fu)務，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)農業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務公(gong)司、農民合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、農村集體經濟組織、基層(ceng)供銷(xiao)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社等各類主(zhu)體大(da)(da)(da)力(li)發展單環節、多環節、全(quan)(quan)程生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)托(tuo)管服(fu)(fu)務，開展訂單農業(ye)、加(jia)工物流(liu)、產(chan)(chan)品營(ying)銷(xiao)等，提高種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)綜合(he)效益(yi)(yi)，讓種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)農民不(bu)吃(chi)虧、有錢掙，盡可(ke)能(neng)多得利。支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)家庭農場、農民合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、農業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化龍頭企業(ye)多種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)。要(yao)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)縣獎勵力(li)度，創新糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)區合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)，調動(dong)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區抓(zhua)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性。

　　再次，不斷提高糧(liang)食(shi)綜(zong)合(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力，為(wei)糧(liang)食(shi)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)增產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提供基礎支撐。關(guan)鍵是落(luo)(luo)(luo)實(shi)好(hao)藏糧(liang)于(yu)(yu)地(di)、藏糧(liang)于(yu)(yu)技(ji)戰略，堅決抓住種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)和耕(geng)地(di)兩個要害。在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)上(shang)(shang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部已經啟動大規模農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)質資源普查，開展種(zhong)(zhong)質資源庫建設，不斷強化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)知識產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權保護。今年要打好(hao)政(zheng)策(ce)組(zu)合(he)拳，抓好(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)振興行(xing)動落(luo)(luo)(luo)實(shi)落(luo)(luo)(luo)地(di)。在(zai)耕(geng)地(di)上(shang)(shang)，落(luo)(luo)(luo)實(shi)“長牙齒”的耕(geng)地(di)保護硬(ying)措施，實(shi)行(xing)耕(geng)地(di)保護黨政(zheng)同責，確(que)保18億畝耕(geng)地(di)實(shi)至名歸，確(que)保耕(geng)地(di)主要用于(yu)(yu)糧(liang)食(shi)和棉、油(you)、糖、蔬菜等農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品及飼(si)草(cao)飼(si)料生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，永久基本農(nong)(nong)(nong)田重點用于(yu)(yu)糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，高標準農(nong)(nong)(nong)田原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)全部用于(yu)(yu)糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機裝備(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)，要分(fen)區域分(fen)品種(zhong)(zhong)補上(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機裝備(bei)(bei)短板弱項，強化(hua)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術裝備(bei)(bei)支撐。

　　最后，要(yao)統籌(chou)做好糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)等重要(yao)農(nong)產品調(diao)(diao)控(kong)(kong)。我國糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)供求將長期保(bao)持緊平衡態勢，必須(xu)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產、收購(gou)(gou)、儲(chu)存、加工、銷售各(ge)環節有(you)機銜接，健全(quan)完(wan)善糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)場(chang)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)(kong)體系，提高(gao)收儲(chu)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)(kong)的科學(xue)性(xing)和精準性(xing)，推動(dong)(dong)供求平衡向更高(gao)水平提升。健全(quan)農(nong)產品全(quan)產業鏈(lian)監(jian)(jian)測預(yu)警體系，推動(dong)(dong)建立(li)統一的農(nong)產品供需信息發布制(zhi)(zhi)度，分類分品種加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)(kong)和應急(ji)保(bao)障(zhang)。深(shen)化糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)購(gou)(gou)銷領域監(jian)(jian)管(guan)體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)改革，開展專(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)，依法從嚴懲治(zhi)系統性(xing)腐敗。加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)智能糧(liang)(liang)(liang)庫建設，促進(jin)(jin)人防技防相結合，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)庫存動(dong)(dong)態監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。嚴格(ge)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)以玉米為(wei)原料的燃料乙醇加工。做好化肥等農(nong)資生(sheng)產儲(chu)備調(diao)(diao)運(yun)，促進(jin)(jin)保(bao)供穩(wen)價。深(shen)入推進(jin)(jin)產運(yun)儲(chu)加消全(quan)鏈(lian)條節糧(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)損(sun)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安全(quan)教育，反對(dui)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)浪費。